Visualmed: Landmark Clinical Trials in Medicine

Cardiology

Acute Coronary Syndrome (51)

ACT
2011, Acetylcysteine in Coronary Angiography

ATLAS ACS-2
2012, Rivaroxaban in Acute Coronary Syndrome

CADILLAC
2002, Angioplasty with Stenting, with or without Abciximab, in Acute Myocardial Infarction

CAPRICORN
2001, Effect of carvedilol on outcome after MI in patients with LV dysfunction

CAST I
1991, Antiarrhythmics post-MI

CHAMPION PHOENIX
2013, Cangrelor vs Clopidogrel in PCI

COMFORTABLE AMI
2012, Effect of Biolimus-Eluting Stents With Biodegradable Polymer vs Bare-Metal Stents on Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With STEMI

COMMIT
2005, Metoprolol after acute MI

COMPARE CRUSH
2020, Effect of Pre-Hospital Crushed Prasugrel Tablets in Patients with STEMI Planned for PCI

COMPARE-ACUTE
2017, Fractional Flow Reserve Guided-Multivessel Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction

CONSENSUS II
1992, Effects of the Early Administration of Enalapril on Mortality in Patients with Acute MI

CULPRIT-SHOCK
2018, Culprit lesion vs multivessel PCI in ACS with cardiogenic shock

CURE
2001, Effects of Clopidogrel plus Aspirin in Patients with NSTEMI

CvLPRIT
2015. Complete versus lesion-only revascularization in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI and multivessel disease

DANAMI-3 PRIMULTI
2015, Complete revascularisation versus culprit lesion only PCI in STEMI and multivessel disease

DETO2X
2017, Oxygen Therapy in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction

EPHESUS
2003, Eplerenone in patients with LV dysfunction after MI

ESSENCE
1997, Enoxaparin vs Unfractionated Heparin for UA/NSTEMI

FAMOUS-NSTEMI
2014, Fractional flow reserve vs. angiography in guiding management to optimize outcomes in NSTEMI

FLOWER-MI
2021, Multivessel PCI Guided by FFR or Angiography for MI

FRISC II
2006, Invasive compared with non-invasive treatment in unstable coronary artery disease

IABP-SHOCK II
2012, Intraaortic Balloon Pump for Myocardial Infarction with Cardiogenic Shock

IMPROVE-IT
2015, Ezetimibe + statin in acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

ISAR-REACT 5
2019, Ticagrelor or Prasugrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

MADIT-II
2002, Prophylactic Implantation of a Defibrillator in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Reduced Ejection Fraction

MATRIX
2015, Bivalirudin or Unfractionated Heparin in Acute Coronary Syndromes
2015, Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndromes

MIRACL
2001, Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes

OASIS-5
2006, Comparison of fondaparinux and enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes

OAT
2006, Coronary Intervention for Persistent Occlusion after Myocardial Infarction

ODYSSEY OUTCOMES
2018, Alirocumab and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndrome

PEGASUS-TIMI 54
2015, Long-Term Use of Ticagrelor in Patients with Prior Myocardial Infarction

PLATO
2009, Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes

PRAMI
2013, Randomized trial of preventative angioplasty in myocardial infarction

PROVE IT
2004, Intensive versus Moderate Lipid Lowering with Statins after Acute Coronary Syndromes

RAPID-TnT
2019, Rapid Assessment of Possible ACS in the Emergency Department With High-Sensitivity Troponin T

REALITY
2020, Transfusion Strategies in Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Anemia

RIVAL
2011, Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography and intervention in patients with ACS

SADHART
2002, Sertraline for depression after ACS

SCOT-HEART
2018, CTA vs standard care in preventing MI

SHOCK
1999, Early Revascularization in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

SMART-DATE
2018, 6-month versus 12-month or longer DAPT after PCI in ACS

SYNERGY
2004, Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients with UA/NSTEMI

TACTICS TIMI 18
2001, Early Invasive and Conservative Strategies in Patients with Unstable Coronary Syndromes Treated with Tirofiban

TIMACS
2009, Early versus Delayed Invasive Intervention in Acute Coronary Syndromes

TRANSIENT
2019, Timing of revascularization in patients with transient STEMI

TREAT
2019, Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Patients With STEMI Treated With Fibrinolysis

TRITON-TIMI 38
2007, Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

TROPICAL-ACS
2017, Guided de-escalation of antiplatelet treatment in patients with ACS undergoing PCI

ULTIMATE
2018, IVUS vs angiography guided implantation of DES

VALIANT
2003, Valsartan vs. captopril in patients with acute MI and HF

VEST
2018, Wearable cardioverter-defibrillator after myocardial infarction

Amyloidosis (1)

ATTR-ACT
2018, Tafamidis Treatment for Patients with Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

Atrial Fibrillation (31)

AATAC
2016, Ablation vs. amiodarone for persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with CHF

ACTIVE A
2009, Effect of Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

ACTIVE W
2006, Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation

AF-CHF
2008, Rhythm Control versus Rate Control for Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure

AFFIRM
2002, Rate control vs Rhythm control in Atrial Fibrillation

AFIRE
2019, Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation with Stable Coronary Disease

ALCOHOL-AF
2019, Impact of Alcohol Abstinence in Moderate Drinkers With Atrial Fibrillation

ARISTOTLE
2011, Apixaban vs. warfarin in atrial fibrillation

AUGUSTUS
2019, Antithrombotic Therapy or PCI in Atrial Fibrillation

AVERROES
2011, Apixaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Alcohol Abstinence�
2020, Alcohol Abstinence in Drinkers with Atrial Fibrillation

BRIDGE
2015, Perioperative Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

CABANA
2018, Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

CASTLE-AF
2018, Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation with Heart Failure

CRYSTAL AF
2014, Cryptogenic Stroke and Underlying Atrial Fibrillation

EARLY-AF
2021, Cryoablation or Drug Therapy for Initial Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

EAST-AFNET 4
2020, Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

ELDERCARE-AF
2020, Low-Dose Edoxaban in Very Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

EMBRACE
2014, Atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke

ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48
2013, Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation

FIRE AND ICE
2016, Cryoballoon or Radiofrequency Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

LAAOS III
2021, Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion during Cardiac Surgery to Prevent Stroke

ORBIT-AF Registry
2013, Aspirin and OAC in Atrial Fibrillation

PAUSE
2019, Perioperative Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving a Direct Oral Anticoagulant

PRAGUE-17
2020, LAA Closure vs DOAC in High-Risk Patients With AF

PROTECT-AF
2009, Percutaneous Closure of LAA in atrial fibrillation

RACE 7 ACWAS
2019, Early or Delayed Cardioversion in Recent-Onset Atrial Fibrillation

RACE II
2010, Strict vs Lenient Control of Heart Rate in Atrial Fibrillation

RAFF2
2020, Electrical vs. Pharmacological Cardioversion for ED Patients With Acute AF

RIVER
2020, Rivaroxaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and a Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve

ROCKET AF
2011, Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in atrial fibrillation

CABG (3)

NOBLE
2016, Percutaneous coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass grafting in treatment of unprotected left main stenosis

STICH
2011, Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction

TiCAB
2019, Ticagrelor vs. aspirin in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting

Carotid artery stenosis (3)

CREST
2010, Stenting versus CEA in Carotid-Artery Stenosis

NASCET
1998, Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Symptomatic Moderate or Severe Stenosis

NASCET (severe stenosis)
1991, Carotid Endarterectomy in Symptomatic Patients with High-Grade Carotid Stenosis

Coronary Artery Disease (51)

AIDA
2017, Bioresorbable Scaffolds versus Metallic Stents in Routine PCI

ARRIVE
2018, Aspirin for Primary Prevention in Adults at Moderate Cardiovascular Risk

ART - CABG
2019, Bilateral versus Single Internal-Thoracic-Artery Grafts at 10 Years

ASPREE
2018, Aspirin for Primary Prevention in Healthy Adults

CANTOS
2017, Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease

CAPRIE
1996, Clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events

CARP
2004, Coronary-Artery Revascularization before Elective Major Vascular Surgery

CHARISMA
2006, Aspirin + clopidogrel vs. aspirin for CVD prevention

CIRT
2018, Low-dose methotrexate for the prevention of atherosclerotic events

COGENT
2010, Clopidogrel with or without Omeprazole in Coronary Artery Disease

COLCOT
2019, Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction

COMPASS
2017, Rivaroxaban with or without ASA in stable CAD

CONSERVE
2019, Selective Referral Using CCTA Versus Direct Referral for Individuals Referred to Invasive Coronary Angiography for Suspected CAD

COURAGE
2007, PCI for stable CAD

DAPT
2014, 12 or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents PCI

DECISION-CTO
2019, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for the Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusion

DEFINE-FLAIR
2017, Use of the Instantaneous Wave-free Ratio or Fractional Flow Reserve in PCI

DIVA
2018, Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in saphenous vein grafts

EAGLES
2018, Cardiovascular Safety of Smoking Cessation Medications

EUROPA
2003, Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of CV events among patients with stable CAD

EXCEL
2016, Everolimus-eluting stents or bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease

EXCEL (5 Years)
2019, Five-Year Outcomes after PCI or CABG for Left Main Coronary Disease

FAME
2009, Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Guiding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

FAME 2
2012, Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease

FOURIER
2017, Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

FREEDOM
2012, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) vs CABG in Patients with Diabetes and multivessel CAD

HOPE
2000, ACE inhibitors, ramipril in high cardiovascular risk patients

HPS2-THRIVE
2014, Effects of Extended-Release Niacin with Laropiprant in High-Risk Patients

HPS3/TIMI55-REVEAL
2017, Effects of Anacetrapib in Patients with Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

ISAR-TRIPLE
2015, Duration of Triple Therapy in Patients Requiring OAC After DES

ISCHEMIA
2019, International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches

JUPITER
2008, Rosuvastatin for prevention of CV events

MANAGE
2018, Dabigatran in myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery

MET-REMODEL
2019, Effect of metformin on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with CAD without diabetes

MR-INFORM
2019, Magnetic Resonance Perfusion or Fractional Flow Reserve in Coronary Disease

NOBLE
2016, Percutaneous coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass grafting in treatment of unprotected left main stenosis

NORSTENT
2016, Drug-Eluting (DES) or Bare-Metal Stents (BMS) for Coronary Artery Disease

ORBITA
2017, Percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina

PIONEER AF-PCI
2016, Prevention of bleeding in patients with Atrial fibrillation undergoing PCI

POISE
2008, Metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing surgery

PROMISE
2015, Outcomes of Anatomical versus Functional Testing for Coronary Artery Disease

RE-DUAL PCI
2017, Dual Antithrombotic Therapy with Dabigatran after PCI in Atrial Fibrillation

SYNTAX
2009, PCI vs CABG in severe CAD

THEMIS
2019, Ticagrelor in Patients with Stable Coronary Disease and Diabetes

THEMIS-PCI
2019, Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable CAD with a history of previous PCI

TWILIGHT
2019, Ticagrelor with or without Aspirin in High-Risk Patients after PCI

ULTIMATE- 3 Years
2020, Intravascular Ultrasound Versus Angiography-Guided Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: Three-year outcomes

VITAL (N3)
2018, N3 fatty acid supplements for prevention of CVD and cancer

VITAL (Vitamin D)
2018, Vitamin D3 for prevention of CVD and cancer

WOEST
2013, Clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking OAC and undergoing PCI

iFR-SWEDEHEART
2017, Instantaneous Wave-free Ratio versus Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide PCI

Heart Failure (51)

A-HeFT
2004, Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine in Blacks with Heart Failure

ASCEND-HF
2011, Effect of Nesiritide in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Ancillary DIG
2006, Digoxin in Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

B-CONVINCED
2009, Beta-blocker continuation vs. Interruption in patients with congestive heart failure

BLOCK HF
2013, Biventricular versus Right Ventricular Pacing in Heart Failure Patients with Atrioventricular Block

CAPRICORN
2001, Effect of carvedilol on outcome after MI in patients with LV dysfunction

CARE-HF
2005, The Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization on Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure

CECCY
2018, Carvedilol for Prevention of Chemotherapy-Related Cardiotoxicity

CHARM-Added
2003, Effects of candesartan in patients with HFrEF taking ACE inhibitors

CHARM-Preserved
2003, Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF)

COAPT
2018, Mitral valve repair in Patients with Heart failure

COAPT-QoL
2019, Health Status After TMVR in Patients With Heart Failure and Secondary Mitral Regurgitation

COMET
2003, Comparison of Carvedilol and Metoprolol in Chronic Heart Failure

COMMANDER HF
2018, Rivaroxaban in Patients with Heart Failure, Sinus Rhythm, and Coronary Disease

CONSENSUS
1987, Effects of Enalapril on Mortality in Severe Congestive Heart Failure

COPERNICUS
2002, Effect of Carvedilol on the Morbidity of Patients With Severe Chronic Heart Failure

CORONA
2007, Rosuvastatin in Older Patients with Systolic Heart Failure

DAPA-HF
2019, Dapagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

DEFINITE
2004, Prophylactic Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

DIG
1997, Digoxin in Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

DOSE
2011, Furosemide in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

EMPEROR-Reduced
2020, Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure

EMPHASIS-HF
2011, Eplerenone in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure and Mild Symptoms

ESCAPE
2005, Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness

EVALUATE-HF
2019, Sacubitril-Valsartan vs Enalapril on Aortic Stiffness in Patients with HFrEF

EVEREST Outcome
2007, Tolvaptan in Patients Hospitalized for Worsening Heart Failure

FAIR-HF
2009, Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients with Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency

GALACTIC-HF
2020, Cardiac Myosin Activation with Omecamtiv Mecarbil in Systolic Heart Failure

HEARTMATE II
2009, Advanced Heart Failure Treated with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device

IRONOUT-HF
2017, Oral iron therapy in HFrEF and anemia

LIFE (Sacubitril/Valsartan)
2021, Sacubitril/valsartan in Advanced Heart Failure

MERIT-HF
1999, Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure

MIRACLE
2002, Cardiac Resynchronization in Chronic Heart Failure

MITRA-FR
2018, Percutaneous Repair or Medical Treatment for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation

MOMENTUM 3
2018, Magnetically Levitated Cardiac Pump in Heart Failure

NEAT-HFpEF
2015, Isosorbide Mononitrate in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)

PARADIGM-HF
2014, Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure

PARAGON-HF
2019, Angiotensin�Neprilysin Inhibition in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

PIONEER-HF
2018, Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition in acute decompensated heart failure

RALES
1999, The Effect of Spironolactone on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Severe Heart Failure

RED-HF
2013, Treatment of Anemia with Darbepoetin Alfa in Systolic Heart Failure

RELAX
2013, Effect of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition on Exercise Capacity and Clinical Status in HFpEF

RELAX-AHF-2
2019, Effects of Serelaxin in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

REMATCH
2001, Long-Term Use of a Left Ventricular Assist Device for End-Stage Heart Failure

SHIFT
2010, Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure

SOLOIST-WHF
2021, Sotagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes and Recent Worsening Heart Failure

SOLVD
1991, Enalapril for Survival in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure

SURVIVE
2007, Levosimendan in acute decompensated heart failure

TOPCAT
2014, Spironolactone in HFpEF

TRED-HF
2019, Withdrawal of treatment for HF in patients with recovered DCM

VICTORIA
2020, Vericiguat in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Hypertension (14)

ACCOMPLISH
2008, Benazepril plus Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension in High-Risk Patients

ACCORD BP
2010, Effects of Intensive Blood-Pressure Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

ALLHAT
2002, Antihypertensive drugs to prevent Heart Attack

Ambulatory BP and Mortality
2018, Ambulatory BP measurements and mortality

Barber Cluster Trial
2018, Barbershop Interventions in Controlling Blood Pressure

CREOLE
2019, Comparison of Dual Therapies for Lowering Blood Pressure in Black Africans

DASH
1997, Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure

HYVET
2008, Treatment of Hypertension in Patients 80 Years of Age or Older

LIFE
2002, Losartan or atenolol for hypertension and LVH

OCTAVE
2004, Omapatrilat and enalapril in patients with hypertension

SPRINT
2015, Intensive Versus Standard Blood Pressure Control

SPRINT MIND
2019, Effect of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control on Probable Dementia

SPYRAL HTN-ON MED
2018, Renal Denervation in Uncontrolled Hypertension

TONE
1998, Sodium Reduction and Weight Loss in the Treatment of Hypertension in Older Persons

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (1)

EXPLORER-HCM
2020, Mavacamten for treatment of symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Implantable Devices (9)

DANISH
2016, Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure

DAVID
2002, Dual-Chamber Pacing or Ventricular Backup Pacing in Patients With an Implantable Defibrillator

DINAMIT
2004, Prophylactic Use of an Implantable Cardioverter�Defibrillator after Acute Myocardial Infarction

PADIT
2018, Prevention of Arrhythmia Device Infection Trial

PRAETORIAN
2020, Subcutaneous or Transvenous Defibrillator Therapy

RAFT
2010, Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy for Mild-to-Moderate Heart Failure

RM-ALONE
2019, Protocol for Pacemaker and Defibrillator Surveillance Based on Remote Monitoring Only

SCD-HeFT
2005, Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure

WRAP-IT
2019, Antibacterial Envelope to Prevent Cardiac Implantable Device Infection

Lipids (17)

AIM HIGH
2011, Niacin in Patients with Low HDL Cholesterol Levels Receiving Intensive Statin Therapy

ALLHAT-LLT
2002, Major Outcomes in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic, Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Pravastatin vs Usual Care

ALLHAT-LLT Elderly
2017, Effect of Statin Treatment vs Usual Care on Primary Cardiovascular Prevention Among Older Adults

CLEAR Harmony
2019, Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol

CLEAR Wisdom
2019, Efficacy and Safety of Bempedoic Acid Added to Statins in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia and High CV Risk

ENHANCE
2008, Simvastatin with or without ezetimibe in familial hypercholesterolemia

EVAPORATE
2020, Effect of icosapent ethyl on progression of coronary atherosclerosis

LIPID
1998, Pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease

ORIGIN
2012, n�3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Dysglycemia

ORION-9
2019, Inclisiran for Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

REDUCE-IT
2018, Cardiovascular risk reduction with Icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia

REDUCE-IT USA
2019, Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl in USA cohort

SHARP
2011, Lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with CKD

SPIRE 1
2017, Cardiovascular Efficacy and Safety of Bococizumab in High-Risk Patients

SPIRE 2
2017, Cardiovascular Efficacy and Safety of Bococizumab in High-Risk Patients

TNT
2005, Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with Stable CAD

WOSCOPS
1995, Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease with Pravastatin in Men with Hypercholesterolemia

Marfan Syndrome (1)

AIMS
2019, Irbesartan in Marfan syndrome

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (11)

COMPLETE
2019, Complete Revascularization with Multivessel PCI for Myocardial Infarction

DANAMI-3 PRIMULTI
2015, Complete revascularisation versus culprit lesion only PCI in STEMI and multivessel disease

DECISION-CTO
2019, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for the Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusion

GLOBAL LEADERS
2018, Ticagrelor plus aspirin for 1 month, followed by ticagrelor monotherapy for 23 months vs standard DAPT after PCI with DES

NOBLE
2016, Percutaneous coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass grafting in treatment of unprotected left main stenosis

PROTECT II
2012, Impella 2.5 Versus Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) in Patients Undergoing High-Risk PCI

RESET
2012, 3-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation

SAFARI-STEMI
2019, Safety and Efficacy of Femoral Access vs Radial Access in Patients with STEMI

SMART-CHOICE
2019, P2Y12 Inhibitor Monotherapy vs. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Undergoing PCI

STOPDAPT-2
2019, One-Month vs. Standard 12-Month DAPT After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

TWILIGHT
2019, Ticagrelor with or without Aspirin in High-Risk Patients after PCI

Pericarditis (1)

ICAP
2013, Colchicine for Acute Pericarditis

Peripheral Arterial Disease (2)

EUCLID
2017, Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease

VOYAGER PAD
2020, Rivaroxaban in Peripheral Artery Disease After Revascularization

Supraventricular tachycardia (1)

REVERT
2015, Postural modification to the standard Valsalva manoeuvre for emergency treatment of supraventricular tachycardias

Valvular disease (12)

Evolut Low Risk
2019, TAVR with self-expanding valve in low risk patients

GALILEO
2019, Rivaroxaban after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement

MIDA
2013, Early Surgical Intervention vs Watchful Waiting for MR Due to Flail Mitral Valve Leaflets

PARTNER 2
2016, Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Intermediate-Risk Patients

PARTNER 3
2019, Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Low-Risk Patients

PARTNER A
2011, Transcatheter versus Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in High-Risk Patients

PARTNER B
2020, Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation (TAVR/TAVI) for Aortic Stenosis in Patients Who Cannot Undergo Surgery

POPular TAVI
2020, Anticoagulation with or without Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation

POPular TAVI EU
2020, Aspirin with or without Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation

RE-ALIGN
2013, Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves

RECOVERY
2019, Early Surgery or Conservative Care for Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis

SURTAVI
2017, Surgical AVR or TAVR in intermediate-risk patients

Ventricular Fibrillation (2)

ALIVE
2002, Amiodarone as Compared with Lidocaine for Shock-Resistant Ventricular Fibrillation

ARREST
1999, Amiodarone for Resuscitation after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Ventricular Fibrillation

Ventricular Tachycardia (1)

VANISH
2016, Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation versus Escalation of Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Dermatology

Actinic Keratosis (1)

Colchicine cream in AK Trial
2018, 0�5% colchicine cream vs. photodynamic therapy in actinic keratosis

Melanoma (1)

COMBI-V
2015, Improved Overall Survival in Melanoma with Combined Dabrafenib and Trametinib

Emergency Medicine

Cardiac Arrest (9)

ALIVE
2002, Amiodarone as Compared with Lidocaine for Shock-Resistant Ventricular Fibrillation

ARREST
1999, Amiodarone for Resuscitation after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Ventricular Fibrillation

COACT
2019, Coronary Angiography after Cardiac Arrest without ST-Segment Elevation

HACA
2002, Hypothermia in Cardiac Arrest

HYPERION
2019, Targeted Temperature Management for Cardiac Arrest with Nonshockable Rhythm

Hypothermia in Cardiac Arrest
2002, Treatment of Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest with Induced Hypothermia

PARAMEDIC2
2018, Epinephrine in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

TTM
2014, 33 vs. 36�C body temperature after cardiac arrest

TTM2
2021, Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

ED Testing (1)

RAPID-TnT
2019, Rapid Assessment of Possible ACS in the Emergency Department With High-Sensitivity Troponin T

Trauma (4)

CRASH-2
2010, Effects of tranexamic acid in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage

PAMPer
2018, Prehospital Plasma in Trauma Patients

PROPPR
2015, Transfusion of Plasma, Platelets, and Red Blood Cells in Severe Trauma

RESCUEicp
2016, Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Intracranial Hypertension

Endocrinology

Diabetes Mellitus (28)

ACCORD
2008, Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes

ADVANCE
2008, Intensive Blood Glucose Control and Vascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

ASCEND ASA
2018, Aspirin for primary prevention of CVD in DM

ASCEND N3
2018, N3 fatty acid supplements for primary prevention in DM

CANVAS
2017, Canagliflozin in Type II DM

CREDENCE
2019, Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

Closed Loop Insulin Trial
2018, Closed-loop Insulin Delivery in Non-ICU patients

DCCT
1993, Intensive Treatment of Diabetes in patients with Type I Diabetes

DECLARE-TIMI 58
2019, Dapagliflozin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

DPP
2002, Reduction in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin

EDIC
2005, Intensive diabetes treatment and CV disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes

EMPA-REG OUTCOMES
2015, Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes

EXSCEL
2017, Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

LEADER
2016, Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

Look AHEAD
2013, Cardiovascular Effects of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes

Metformin in CKD Cohort
2018, Metformin in CKD

NICE-SUGAR
2009, Intensive versus Conventional Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients

PIONEER 6
2019, Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

RABBIT2
2007, Basal-bolus insulin in inpatients with DM

RECORD
2009, Rosiglitazone for CV outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes

REWIND
2019, Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

SAVOR-TIMI
2013, Saxagliptin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

SCORED
2021, Sotagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease

STAMPEDE
2012, Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy in Obese Patients with Diabetes

SUSTAIN 4
2017, once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes

TECOS
2015, Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

VADT
2009, Glucose Control and Vascular Complications in Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes

VERTIS CV
2020, Cardiovascular Outcomes with Ertugliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes

Thyroid Disorder (1)

TABLET
2019, Levothyroxine in Women with Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies before Conception

Gastroenterology

Cirrhosis (6)

ATTIRE
2021, Albumin Infusions in Hospitalized Patients with Cirrhosis

Albumin in SBP
1999, IV albumin in patients with cirrhosis and SBP

Bezafibrate Trial
2018, Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Rifaxamin in HE
2013, Rifaxamin in hepatic encephalopathy

Rifaximin after TIPS
2021, Use of Rifaximin in the Prevention of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy After TIPS

STOPAH
2015, Prednisolone in Alcoholic Hepatitis

Colorectal Cancer (1)

CRCPilotNorway
2020, Colorectal Cancer Screening With Repeated Fecal Immunochemical Test Versus Sigmoidoscopy

Gastrointestinal Bleeding (4)

COGENT
2010, Clopidogrel with or without Omeprazole in Coronary Artery Disease

POP-UP
2016, Pantoprazole or Placebo for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis

SUP-ICU
2018, Pantoprazole in Patients at Risk for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the ICU

Transfusion in UGIB
2013, Transfusion Strategies for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Liver Transplant (1)

DHOPE-DCD
2021, Hypothermic Machine Perfusion in Liver Transplantation

Nutrition (2)

EFFORT
2019, Individualised nutritional support in medical inpatients at nutritional risk

TARGET
2018, Energy-Dense versus Routine Enteral Nutrition in the Critically Ill

Obesity (2)

CAMELLIA-TIMI 61
2019, Cardiovascular Safety of Lorcaserin in Overweight or Obese Patients

STEP1
2021, Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity

Pancreatitis (1)

PANTER
2010, A Step-up Approach or Open Necrosectomy for Necrotizing Pancreatitis

Geriatric Medicine

Delirium (1)

MIND-USA
2018, Haloperidol and Ziprasidone for Treatment of Delirium in Critical Illness

Gynaecology

Bacterial Vaginosis (1)

LACTIN-V
2020, Lactin-V to Prevent Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis

Hematology/Oncology

Anemia (5)

CHOIR
2006, Erythropoetin for anemia in non-dialysis CKD

FAIR-HF
2009, Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients with Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency

RED-HF
2013, Treatment of Anemia with Darbepoetin Alfa in Systolic Heart Failure

TREAT
2009, Darbepoetin Alfa in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease

TRICC
1999, Transfusion requirements in critical care

Cancer (16)

AGE
2006, Mammographic screening from age 40 years

ATLAS
2013, 10 years vs. 5 years of tamoxifen in breast cancer

COLONPREV
2012, FIT vs. colonoscopy for colon cancer screening

CROWN
2020, Lorlatinib or Crizotinib in Advanced ALK-Positive Lung Cancer

EMILIA
2012, Trastuzumab Emtansine for HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer

ERSPC
2009, Screening and Prostate-Cancer Mortality

FREGAT
2019, Hybrid Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer

HERA
2005, Trastuzumab after Adjuvant Chemotherapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

IALT
2004, Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected NSCLC

KEYNOTE-024
2016, Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Metachronous Gastric Trial
2018, H-Pylori treatment in Metachronous Gastric Cancer

NELSON
2018, CT scan for screening lung cancer

NLST
2011, Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening

NSABP P-1
1998, Tamoxifen for Prevention of Breast Cancer

PACIFIC
2018, Overall Survival with Durvalumab after Chemoradiotherapy in Stage III NSCLC

STAR
2006, Effects of Tamoxifen vs Raloxifene on the Risk of Developing Invasive Breast Cancer

GVHD (1)

REACH2
2020, Ruxolitinib for Glucocorticoid-Refractory Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease

Polycythemia Vera (1)

CYTO-PV
2013, Cardiovascular Events and Intensity of Treatment in Polycythemia Vera

Sickle Cell Disease (1)

MSH
1995, Effect of Hydroxyurea on the Frequency of Painful Crises in Sickle Cell Anemia

TTP (2)

HERCULES
2019, Caplacizumab Treatment for Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

TITAN
2016, Caplacizumab for Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Venous Thromboembolism (24)

ADJUST PE
2014, Age Adjusted D Dimer for PE

AMPLIFY
2013, Apixaban for VTE

ANNEXA
2015, Andexanet for reversal of Factor Xa Inhibitors

ATTRACT
2017, Pharmacomechanical Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Deep-Vein Thrombosis

AVERT
2018,�Apixaban to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Patients with Cancer

CASSINI
2019, Rivaroxaban for Thromboprophylaxis in High-Risk Ambulatory Patients with Cancer

CLOT
2003, LMWH vs a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent VTE in patients with cancer

Caravaggio
2020, Apixaban for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Cancer

EINSTEIN PE
2012, Rivaroxaban for Acute PE

EPCAT I
2013, Aspirin Versus LMWH for Extended VTE Prophylaxis After Total Hip Arthroplasty

EPCAT II
2018, Aspirin or Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis after Hip or Knee Arthroplasty

Hokusai VTE Cancer
2018, Edoxaban for the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism

MAGELLAN
2013, Rivaroxaban for Thromboprophylaxis in Acutely Ill Medical Patients

MARINER
2018, Rivaroxaban for Thromboprophylaxis after Hospitalization for Medical Illness

MEDENOX
1999, Enoxaparin for Prevention of VTE in Acutely Ill Medical Patients

MOPETT
2013, Low-dose tPA for submassive PE

PEITHO
2014, Fibrinolysis for Patients with Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism

PREPIC
1998, Vena Caval Filters in Prevention of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Proximal Deep-Vein Thrombosis

PREPIC 2
2015, Effect of a Retrievable IVC Filter + Anticoagulation vs Anticoagulation Alone on Risk of Recurrent Pulmonary Embolism

PREVENT
2019, Adjunctive Intermittent Pneumatic Compression for Venous Thromboprophylaxis

RE-COVER
2009, Dabigatran versus Warfarin in the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism

SELECT-D
2018, Rivaroxaban vs LMWH (Dalteparin) in Patients With Cancer With VTE

SOME
2015, Cancer screening in unprovoked VTE

WARFASA
2012, Aspirin for Recurrent VTE

Infectious disease

COVID-19 (14)

ACTIV-3
2020, Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody for Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19

ACTT-1
2020, Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19

ACTT-2
2020, Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19

BACC bay
2020, Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19

BCN-PEP-CoV2
2021, A Cluster-Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine for Prevention of Covid-19

COVACTA
2021, Tocilizumab in Hospitalized Patients with Severe Covid-19 Pneumonia

COVE
2020, Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

COVID-19 PEP
2020, Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19

EMPACTA
2020, Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia

EPIC
2021, Effect of Ivermectin on Time to Resolution of Symptoms Among Adults With Mild COVID-19

PFIZER COVID-19
2020, Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine

PlasmAr
2020, Convalescent Plasma in Covid-19 Severe Pneumonia

RECOVERY
2020, Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19

REGN-COV2
2020, REGN-COV2, a Neutralizing Antibody Cocktail, in Outpatients with Covid-19

Cellulitis (1)

ICTOC
2020, Compression Therapy to Prevent Recurrent Cellulitis of the Leg

Endocarditis (1)

EASE
2012, Early Surgery versus Conventional Treatment for Infective Endocarditis

HIV (5)

ANRS IPERGAY
2015, On-demand preexposure prophylaxis in men at high risk for HIV-1 infection

AZT
1987, Azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex

HPTN 052
2011, Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy

INSIGHT START
2015, INSIGHT START: Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection

iPrEx
2010, Preexposure Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex with Men

Hepatitis C (2)

DAHHS2
2019, Treatment of acute hepatitis C with 8 weeks of grazoprevir plus elbasvir

VALENCE
2014, Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in HCV

Infections (14)

CAPSTONE-1
2018, Baloxavir Marboxil for Uncomplicated Influenza

EPIC
2019, Once-Daily Plazomicin for Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

Fidaxomicin in C. diff Infection
2011, Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection

HEAT
2015, Acetaminophen for Fever in Critically Ill Patients with Suspected Infection

INHALE
2019, Inhaled amikacin in mechanically ventilated patients with Gram-negative pneumonia

MERINO
2018, Piperacillin-Tazobactam vs Meropenem in Ceftriaxone resistant Infections

OPTIC
2019, Omadacycline for Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

PLACIDE
2013, Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in preventing antibiotic-associated and C.diff diarrhea

POET
2018, IV vs PO Antibiotics in Infective Endocarditis

PREVENT TB
2011, Three Months of Rifapentine and Isoniazid for Latent Tuberculosis Infection

PROACT
2018, Procalcitonin in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

PRORATA
2010, Procalcitonin guided antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients

Project CLEAR
2019, Decolonization to Reduce Postdischarge Infection Risk among MRSA Carriers

STOP-IT
2015, Short-Course Antimicrobial Therapy for Intraabdominal Infection

Osteomyelitis (1)

OVIVA
2019, Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infection

Sepsis (13)

ADRENAL
2018, Glucocorticoids in Septic Shock

ALBIOS
2014, Albumin in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

APROCCHSS
2018, Hydrocortisone + Fludrocortisone in Septic Shock

BICAR-ICU
2018, Sodium Bicarbonate in Severe Metabolic Acidaemia

CITRIS-ALI
2019, Effect of Vitamin C Infusion in Patients With Sepsis and ARDS

CORTICUS
2008, Hydrocortisone Therapy for Patients with Septic Shock

HYPRESS
2016, Effect of Hydrocortisone on Development of Shock Among Patients With Severe Sepsis

PROWESS-SHOCK
2012, Activated protein C (DrotAA) in Sepsis

ProCESS
2014, A Randomized Trial of Protocol-Based Care for Early Septic Shock

Rivers Trial
2001, Early Goal-Directed Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

SALT-ED
2018, Balanced crystalloids versus saline in non-critically ill adults

SEPSISPAM
2014, High versus low blood-pressure target in patients with septic shock

TRISS
2014, Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion in Septic Shock

Tuberculosis (1)

TBTC Study 31
2021, Four-Month Rifapentine Regimens with or without Moxifloxacin for Tuberculosis

Nephrology

Cardiorenal Syndrome (1)

CARRESS HF
2012, Ultrafiltration in Decompensated Heart Failure with Cardiorenal Syndrome

Dialysis (10)

AKIKI
2016, Renal Replacement Therapy in ICU

AKIKI 2
2021, Comparison of two delayed strategies for renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation for severe acute kidney injury (AKI)

ATN
2008, Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury

AURORA
2009, Rosuvastatin and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

EVOLVE
2012, Effect of Cinacalcet on Cardiovascular Disease in Patients Undergoing Dialysis

IDEAL
2010, Early versus Late Dialysis in Patients with ESRD

IDEAL-ICU
2018, Timing of renal-replacement therapy in patients with acute kidney injury and sepsis

PIVOTAL
2019, Intravenous Iron in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis

RENAL
2009, Intensity of Continuous Renal-Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients

STARRT-AKI
2020, Timing of Initiation of Renal-Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury

Lupus Nephritis (1)

BLISS-LN
2020, Belimumab in Lupus Nephritis
2020, Belimumab in Lupus Nephritis

Nephropathy (9)

DAPA-CKD
2020, Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

IDNT
2001, Irbesartan in diabetic nephropathy

PERL
2020, Serum Urate Lowering with Allopurinol and Kidney Function in Type 1 Diabetes

PRESERVE
2018, Outcomes after Angiography with Sodium Bicarbonate and Acetylcysteine

RENAAL
2001, Losartan in diabetic nephropathy

SONAR
2019, Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

STOP-IgAN
2015, Intensive Supportive Care plus Immunosuppression in IgA Nephropathy

TREAT
2009, Darbepoetin Alfa in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease

VA NEPHRON-D
2013, Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (1)

ILLUMINATE-A
2021, Lumasiran, an RNAi Therapeutic for Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1

Renal Artery Stenosis (2)

ASTRAL
2009, Revascularization versus Medical Therapy for Renal-Artery Stenosis

CORAL
2014, Stenting and Medical Therapy for Atherosclerotic Renal-Artery Stenosis

Neurology

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (1)

RE-SPECT CVT
2019, Dabigatran Etexilate vs Dose-Adjusted Warfarin in Patients With Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Headache (1)

STRIVE
2017, Erenumab in Episodic Migraine

Myasthenia Gravis (1)

MGTX
2016, Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis

Parkinson's Disease (1)

LEAP
2019, Early vs Delayed Levodopa in Parkinson�s Disease

Status Epilepticus (1)

RAMPART
2012, Intramuscular versus Intravenous Therapy for Prehospital Status Epilepticus

Stroke (31)

ACTIVE A
2009, Effect of Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

ACTIVE W
2006, Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation

ASSORT
2017, Early Versus Delayed Statin Therapy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke

BRIDGE
2015, Perioperative Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

CHANCE
2013, Clopidogrel with aspirin in acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack

CLOSE
2017, Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulation vs. Antiplatelets after Stroke

CLOSURE I
2012, Closure or Medical Therapy for Cryptogenic Stroke with Patent Foramen Ovale

DAWN
2018, Mechanical Thrombectomy 6 to 24 Hours after Stroke

DEFUSE-3
2018, Thrombectomy for Stroke at 6 to 16 Hours with Selection by Perfusion Imaging

ECASS III
2008, Thrombolysis with Alteplase 3 to 4.5 Hours after Acute Ischemic Stroke

ESPIRIT
2006, Aspirin plus dipyridamole versus aspirin alone after ischemic stroke

EXTEND
2019, Thrombolysis Guided by Perfusion Imaging up to 9 Hours after Onset of Stroke

EXTEND-IA TNK
2018, Tenecteplase vs Alteplase in Ischemic Stroke

Gore REDUCE
2017, Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Antiplatelet Therapy for Cryptogenic Stroke

IST
1997, Aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or neither in acute ischemic stroke

MATCH
2004, Aspirin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone after stroke

MR CLEAN
2015, Intraarterial Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

MR RESCUE
2013, A Trial of Imaging Selection and Endovascular Treatment for Ischemic Stroke

NAVIGATE ESUS
2018, Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source

POINT
2018, Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke and High-Risk TIA

PRoFESS
2008, Aspirin and Extended-Release Dipyridamole versus Clopidogrel for Recurrent Stroke

RE-SPECT ESUS
2019, Dabigatran for Prevention of Stroke after Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source

RESPECT
2013, Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale versus Medical Therapy after Cryptogenic Stroke

SOCRATES
2016, Ticagrelor versus aspirin in acute stroke or TIA

SPARCL
2006, High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)

SPS3 Clopidogrel-ASA
2021, Clopidogrel +aspirin in patients with recent lacunar stroke

SPS3-BP
2013, Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke

THALES
2020, Ticagrelor and Aspirin or Aspirin Alone in Acute Ischemic Stroke or TIA

Treat Stroke to Target
2019, A Comparison of Two LDL Cholesterol Targets after Ischemic Stroke

WAKE-UP
2018, MRI guided thrombolysis with alteplase in stroke with unknown time of onset

WASID
2005, Warfarin or Aspirin for Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

Orthopedics

Total Hip Arthroplasty (3)

EPCAT I
2013, Aspirin Versus LMWH for Extended VTE Prophylaxis After Total Hip Arthroplasty

EPCAT II
2018, Aspirin or Rivaroxaban for VTE Prophylaxis after Hip or Knee Arthroplasty

PANSAID
2019, Paracetamol and Ibuprofen on Morphine Consumption in the Total Hip Arthroplasty

Psychiatry

Alcohol Dependence (1)

COMBINE
2006, Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence

Bipolar Disorder (2)

BALANCE
2010, Lithium plus valproate combination therapy versus monotherapy for relapse prevention in bipolar I disorder

STEP-BD
2007, Adjunctive Antidepressant Treatment for Bipolar Depression

Depression (1)

Psilodep-RCT
2021, Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression

Panic Disorder (1)

CBT, Imipramine in Panic Disorder
2000, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Imipramine, or Their Combination for Panic Disorder

Pulmonary/Critical care

ARDS (4)

ACURASYS�
2010, Neuromuscular Blockers in Early Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

ART
2017, Lung Recruitment and Titrated PEEP vs Low PEEP in ARDS

PROSEVA
2013, Prone Positioning in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

ROSE
2019, Early Neuromuscular Blockade in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Asthma (5)

AMAZES
2017, Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma

EXTRA
2011, Omalizumab in Severe Allergic Asthma

NAVIGATOR
2021, Tezepelumab in Severe, Uncontrolled Asthma

Novel START
2019, Controlled Trial of Budesonide�Formoterol as Needed for Mild Asthma

SMART
2006, Usual pharmacotherapy for asthma versus usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol

COPD (8)

ASCENT-COPD
2019, Effect of Aclidinium Bromide on Major CV Events and Exacerbations in Patients With COPD

BLOCK COPD
2019, Metoprolol for the Prevention of Acute Exacerbations of COPD

FLAME
2016, LABA + LAMA vs LABA + ICS for COPD

LOTT
2016, Long-Term Oxygen for COPD with Moderate Desaturation

NETT
2003, Lung-volume-reduction surgery versus medical therapy for severe emphysema

REDUCE
2013, Short term steroids in COPD exacerbation

TORCH
2007, Salmeterol and Fluticasone Propionate in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

UPLIFT
2008, Tiotropium in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Endotracheal Intubation (1)

CHECK-UP
2018, Checklist for Endotracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults

ICU (6)

CENSER
2019. Early Use of Norepinephrine in Septic Shock Resuscitation

CLASSIC
2016, Restricting volumes of resuscitation fluid in adults with septic shock after initial management

HEAT
2015, Acetaminophen for Fever in Critically Ill Patients with Suspected Infection

HOT-ICU
2021, Lower or Higher Oxygenation Targets for Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

REFRESH
2018, Restricted fluid resuscitation in suspected sepsis associated hypotension

VIOLET
2019, Early High-Dose Vitamin D3 for Critically Ill, Vitamin D Deficient Patients

Interstitial Lung Disease (2)

INBUILD
2019, Nintedanib in Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases

INPULSIS
2014, Efficacy and Safety of Nintedanib in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Mechanical Ventilation (5)

HIGH-WEAN
2019, Postextubation High-Flow Nasal Oxygen + Noninvasive Ventilation vs High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Alone

MENDS2
2021, Dexmedetomidine or Propofol for Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Adults with Sepsis

PReVENT
2018, Low vs Intermediate Tidal Volume Strategy in ICU Patients Without ARDS

PreVent
2019, Bag-Mask Ventilation during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults

SPICE III
2019, Early Sedation with Dexmedetomidine in Critically Ill Patients

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1)

SAVE
2016, CPAP for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (1)

BREATHE-1
2002, Bosentan Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary Edema (1)

3CPO
2008, Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

Sepsis (3)

CENSER
2019. Early Use of Norepinephrine in Septic Shock Resuscitation

CLASSIC
2016, Restricting volumes of resuscitation fluid in adults with septic shock after initial management

REFRESH
2018, Restricted fluid resuscitation in suspected sepsis associated hypotension

Shock (12)

ANDROMEDA-SHOCK
2019, Effect of a Resuscitation Strategy Targeting Peripheral Perfusion Status vs Serum Lactate Levels on Mortality in Septic Shock

ATHOS-3
2017,�Angiotensin II for the Treatment of Vasodilatory Shock

CENSER
2019. Early Use of Norepinephrine in Septic Shock Resuscitation

CITRIS-ALI
2019, Effect of Vitamin C Infusion in Patients With Sepsis and ARDS

CLASSIC
2016, Restricting volumes of resuscitation fluid in adults with septic shock after initial management

CRISTAL
2013, Effects of fluid resuscitation with colloids vs. crystalloids on mortality in hypovolemic shock

ProCESS
2014, A Randomized Trial of Protocol-Based Care for Early Septic Shock

REFRESH
2018, Restricted fluid resuscitation in suspected sepsis associated hypotension

Rivers Trial
2001, Early Goal-Directed Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

SOAP II
2010, Comparison of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in the Treatment of Shock

VASST
2008, Vasopressin versus Norepinephrine Infusion in Patients with Septic Shock

65
2020, Effect of Reduced Exposure to Vasopressors on Mortality in Critically ill Patients

Rheumatology

Antiphospholipid Syndrome (1)

TRAPS
2018, Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in high-risk patients with antiphospholipid syndrome

Arthritis (4)

BeSt
2005, DMARD with prednisone or infliximab in RA

LESS
2014, Epidural Glucocorticoid Injections for Spinal Stenosis

METEOR
2013, Surgery vs Physical Therapy for a Meniscal Tear and Osteoarthritis

PT vs Steroids in OA
2020, Physical Therapy versus Glucocorticoid Injection for Osteoarthritis of the Knee

Vasculitis (2)

CYCLOPS
2009, Pulse vs daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in ANCA vasculitis

RAVE
2010, Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis

Surgery

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (2)

EVAR-1
2010, Endovascular versus Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

OVER
2019, Open versus Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Appendicitis (1)

CODA
2020, Antibiotics vs. Appendectomy for Appendicitis

Arthroplasty (1)

HEALTH
2019, Total Hip Arthroplasty or Hemiarthroplasty for Hip Fracture

CABG (1)

MYRIAD
2019, Volatile Anesthetics versus Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery

Gastric Bypass Surgery (1)

STAMPEDE
2012, Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy in Obese Patients with Diabetes

Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (1)

NETT
2003, Lung-volume-reduction surgery versus medical therapy for severe emphysema

Lymphadenectomy (1)

LION
2019, Lymphadenectomy in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Neoplasms

Meniscal Tear (1)

FIDELITY
2013, Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy versus Sham Surgery for a Degenerative Meniscal Tear

Necrosectomy (1)

PANTER
2010, A Step-up Approach or Open Necrosectomy for Necrotizing Pancreatitis

Pre-op (1)

POISE-2
2014, Aspirin in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

Transfusion (1)

TRICS III
2018, Six-Month Outcomes after Restrictive or Liberal Transfusion for Cardiac Surgery

Venous Thromboembolism (1)

PRONOMOS
2020, Rivaroxaban or Enoxaparin in Nonmajor Orthopedic Surgery