SUP-ICU: PPI prophylaxis in ICU patients at risk of GI bleed

2018, Pantoprazole in Patients at Risk for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the ICU, NEJM

CAPSTONE-1: Baloxavir Marboxil for Uncomplicated Influenza

2018, Baloxavir Marboxil for Uncomplicated Influenza in Adults and Adolescents, NEJM

BICAR-ICU: Sodium Bicarbonate in Severe Metabolic Acidaemia

  2018, Sodium bicarbonate therapy for patients with severe metabolic acidaemia in t

FLAME: LABA + LAMA vs LABA + ICS for COPD

  2016, Indacaterol-Glycopyrronium versus Salmeterol-Fluticasone for COPD, NEJM

AGE: Mammographic screening from age 40 years

  2006, Effect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortalit

IDEAL: Early versus Late Dialysis in Patients with ESRD

  2010, Does early initiation of dialysis in CKD improves survival, NEJM

EPHESUS: Eplerenone in patients with LV dysfunction after MI

2003, Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysf

CURE: Effects of Clopidogrel plus Aspirin in Patients with NSTEMI

2001, Effects of Clopidogrel in Addition to Aspirin in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndr

CAST I: Use of Antiarrhythmics post-MI for Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression

1991, Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo, NE

CHARISMA: Aspirin/clopidogrel vs. aspirin for CV prevention

2006, Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for prevention of atherothrombosis, NE

CHAMPION PHOENIX: Cangrelor in PCI

2013, Effect of Platelet Inhibition with Cangrelor during PCI on Ischemic Events, NEJM

ASCEND: Effects of n−3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Diabetes Mellitus

2018, N3 fatty acid supplements for primary prevention in DM2, NEJM

ASCEND: Aspirin for primary prevention in patients with Diabetes

2018, Aspirin for primary prevention in patients with Diabetes mellitus, NEJM

LESS: Epidural Glucocorticoid Injections for Spinal Stenosis

  2014, epidural glucocorticoid + lidocaine vs lidocaine only injections for spinal

POISE: Metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery

    2008, Extended-release metoprolol succinate in patients undergoing non-cardi

EXCEL: PCI vs CABG in Left Main Stem Coronary Artery Disease

  2016, Everolimus-Eluting Stents or Bypass Surgery for Left Main Coronary Artery Di

SALT-ED: Balanced crystalloids versus saline in non-critically ill adults

2018, Lactated Ringer’s or Plasma-Lyte vs normal saline in non-critically ill patie

COMET: Comparison of Carvedilol and Metoprolol in Chronic Heart Failure

2003, Carvedilol vs Metoprolol in Heart Failure, The Lancet The COMET trial randomized 302

POP-UP: Pantoprazole or Placebo for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis

2016, Pantoprazole for reducing GI bleeding in intubated patients, Critical Care Medicine

RACE II: Strict vs Lenient Control of Heart Rate in Atrial Fibrillation

  2010, Heart Rate Control in patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Preventing CV even

METEOR: Surgery vs Physical Therapy for a Meniscal Tear and Osteoarthritis

2013, Surgery vs Physical Therapy for a Meniscal Tear and Osteoarthritis, NEJM

HOPE: ACE inhibitors, ramipril in high risk CV patients

2000, Effect of ACE inhibitors, ramipril on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, NEJM H

CRYSTAL-AF: Cryptogenic Stroke and Underlying Atrial Fibrillation

2014, 30 Days AF monitoring in patients with Cryptogenic Stroke, NEJM CRYSTAL AF Trial Sum

SYNTAX: PCI vs CABG in Severe CAD

  2009, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus CABG for Severe Coronary Artery Di

CHOIR: Correction of Anemia with Epoetin Alfa in Chronic Kidney Disease

2006, CHOIR trial: anemia correction in patients with CKD, NEJM

HACA: Hypothermia in Cardiac Arrest

2002, Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia to Improve the Neurologic Outcome after Cardiac Arrest

REDUCE: Short-term vs Conventional Glucocorticoid Therapy in Acute Exacerbations of COPD

    2013, 5 days vs 14 days Glucocorticoid Therapy in Acute Exacerbations of CO

COURAGE: PCI vs Medical Therapy in Stable CAD

2007, PCI + medical therapy vs medical therapy only in stable coronary artery disease, NEJ

NELSON: CT Screening For Lung Cancer in High Risk Population

  Full trial results to follow the publication. This abstract format was presented at

Albumin in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

1999, Effect of IV Albumin on Renal Impairment in Patients with Cirrhosis and SBP, NEJM

COAPT Trial: Mitral Valve Repair in Heart Failure Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation

2018, Transcatheter mitral valve repair in patients with Heart failure, NEJM, ACC COAPT Tr

COMMIT Trial: Metoprolol in Acute Myocardial Infarction

2005, Early intravenous then oral metoprolol after acute MI, The LANCET

ARRIVE Trial: Aspirin for Primary Prevention in Adults at Moderate Cardiovascular Risk

  2018, Effect of Aspirin in elderly at moderate CVD risk | LANCET

ASPREE Trial: Aspirin for Primary Prevention in Healthy Adults

2018, Effect of Aspirin on CV Events and Bleeding in the Healthy Elderly | NEJM

Fidaxomicin in C. difficile Diarrhea

2011, Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium difficile infection | NEJM

MERINO Trial: Piperacillin-Tazobactam vs Meropenem in Ceftriaxone resistant E coli or Klebsiella Bacteremia

2018, Pip-Tazo vs Meropenem in patients with E coli or Klebsiella infections | JAMA

POET Trial: IV vs PO Antibiotics in Left Heart Endocarditis

2018, POET Trial: Partial Oral vs Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis | NEJM

SCOT-HEART Trial: Coronary CT Angiography and Risk of Myocardial Infarction

2018, CTA vs standard care in preventing MI, SCOT-HEART Visual Abstract | NEJM

CREST Trial: Stenting versus CEA for Treatment of Carotid-Artery Stenosis

2010, Carotid artery stenting vs carotid endarterectomy visual abstract, NEJM

VALENCE Trial: Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in HCV genotypes 2 and 3

  2014, Sofosbuvir + ribavirin for HCV, NEJM

AFFIRM Trial: Rate control vs Rhythm control in Atrial Fibrillation

2002, Rate-control and Rhythm-Control in Patients in patients with AF, NEJM

SOME Trial: Screening for Occult Cancer in Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism

  2015, Cancer screening in unprovoked venous thromboembolism, NEJM

Rifaximin and Lactulose for HE trial

  2013, Rifaximin plus Lactulose in Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy, The America

RABBIT 2 Trial: Basal-bolus insulin in inpatients with DM

2007, Basal insulin for DM2, Diabetes Care

Safety of Discharging Patients Directly Home From the ICU

2018, Discharging from ICU vs from medicine wards, JAMA Internal Medicine

SADHART Trial: Sertraline Use in Depression after ACS

2002, Safety of Sertraline after ACS, JAMA

BeSt trial: DMARD ± prednisone or infliximab in RA

2005, BeSt trial Visual Abstract: DMARD ± prednisone or infliximab in RA, Arthritis Rh

MANAGE Trial: Dabigatran in myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery

2018, MANAGE Trial Visual Abstract: Dabigatran in myocardial injury surgery, Lancet

SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Trial Visual Abstract: Renal Denervation in Uncontrolled Hypertension

The SPYRAL HTN-ON MED trial was a large multicenter global scale trial that compared the

ATLAS ACS-2: Rivaroxaban after ACS

The ATLAS ACS-2 trial tested the use of rivaroxaban in addition to standard dual antiplate

TRISS Trial Visual Abstract: Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion in Septic Shock

The TRISS trial studied the role of transfusion thresholds in septic shock. 998 patients w

ALBIOS Trial Visual Abstract: Albumin in Severe Sepsis & Septic Shock

2014, Does albumin infusion helps in Septic shock?, NEJM

PARAMEDIC2 Trial Visual Abstract: Epinephrine in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

The PARAMEDIC2 trial that was recently published in NEJM studied the use of epinephrine in

COMPASS Trial Visual Abstract: Rivaroxaban plus aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease

Does adding rivaroxaban to aspirin therapy in patients with stable cardiovascular disease

PAMPer Trial Visual Abstract: Prehospital Plasma in Trauma Patients

PAMPer trial is a multicenter randomized trial that evaluated the use of thawed plasma in

ACT Trial Visual Abstract: Acetylcysteine in patients undergoing Angiography

ACT trial was the initial large sized randomized controlled trial that was initiated to te

EXTRA Trial: Omalizumab in Severe Allergic Asthma Visual Abstract

Omalizumab is an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody that was coined to prevent asthma exacerbati

Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis Visual Abstract

A Placebo-controlled Trial of Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis Trial Summarized

Basic Modes of Mechanical Ventilation Infographic

Mechanical ventilation is a complex topic to understand. With this infographic, I have tri

Close Loop Insulin Delivery for Type II Diabetes Mellitus Trial Visual Absract

Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery for Glycemic Control in Noncritical Care Summarized by: Tabin

Algorithm for Management of Adult Patients with DKA

Diabetic ketoacidosis requires emergent intervention and treatment. The treatment of DKA r

TOPCAT trial Visual Abstract – Spironolactone in HFpEF

Spironolactone is a well known survival improvement agent for heart failure with reduced e

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening USPSTF 2014 Guidelines

The current USPSTF guidelines for screening of abdominal aortic aneurysm were published in

WARFASA Trial Visual Abstract: Aspirin for preventing VTE Recurrence

Summarized by / Author: Usama bin Nasir, MD Contribution To Literature: WARFASA trial est

DAWN Trial Visual Abstract – Mechanical Thrombectomy 6 to 24 Hours after Stroke

The DAWN trial was a major success when it comes to mechanical thromebectomy eligibility t

AMPLIFY Trial Visual Abstract: Oral apixaban for VTE

Use of novel oral anticoagulation agents for VTE was established after a series of non-inf

PROTECT AF Trial: Closure of the LAA versus warfarin therapy in patients with Atrial Fibrillation

We currently lack significant data or clear cut guidelines for closing left atrial appenda

USPSTF/ACC/AHA guidelines for Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults

The USPSTF and ACC/AHA guidelines for statin use in adults aged 40-75 years are consistent

Association of Metformin Use With Risk of Lactic Acidosis Across the Range of Kidney Function

Visual Abstract: Metformin use based on kidney function. Over ~1 million patients are not

Risks of concomitant aspirin therapy with oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation

Summarized by: Usama bin Nasir, MD Contribution To Literature: Atrial fibrillation (AF) w

Radial-Artery or Saphenous-Vein Grafts in CABG – Visual Summary

Current ACC/AHA guidelines recommend (IIb) radial artery grafting for >70% LAD stenosis

Tenofovir versus Placebo to Prevent Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B

Summarized by / Author: Rooma Nankani MD (1), Rohini Manaktala MD (1) Summary Reviewer:

Helicobacter Pylori Treatment for the Prevention of Metachronous Gastric Cancer

Summarized by / Author: Rohini Manaktala MD (1), Rooma Nankani MD (1) Summary Reviewer: 

Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotics for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection – The ProACT Trail

Procalcitonin has proven to be a great marker for guiding antibiotics treatment in patient

Prednisolone or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis – STOPAH Trial

The use of steroids vs Pentoxifylline in severe alcoholic hepatitis has long been debated.

Erenumab for Episodic Migraine – The STRIVE Trial

The STRIVE trial introduced Erenumab, a once monthly self injectable drug for prevention o

Catheter Ablation vs Anti-arrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation – The CABANA trial

Source: ACC

Andexanet Alfa for the Reversal of Factor Xa Inhibitor Activity – The ANNEXA Trial

Source: NEJM

Cardiovascular Safety of Varenicline, Bupropion, and Nicotine Patch in Smokers – The EAGLES Trial

Source: JAMA Internal Medicine

Visual Abstract: Targeted Temperature Management at 33°C versus 36°C after Cardiac Arrest

Source: NEJM

Visual Abstract: Tenecteplase versus Alteplase for Ischemic Stroke

Source: NEJM

Once-Daily Single-Inhaler Triple versus Dual Therapy in Patients with COPD – The IMPACT Trial

Source: NEJM

Relationship between Clinic and Ambulatory Blood-Pressure Measurements and Mortality

Source: NEJM

Undetectable High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Level in the Emergency Department and Risk of Myocardial Infarction

Source: JACC

Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults – The SMART Trial

Source: NEJM

Initiation Strategies for Renal-Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit – The AKIKI Trial

Source: NEJM

Effects of Tamoxifen vs Raloxifene on the Risk of Developing Invasive Breast Cancer and Other Disease Outcomes – The STAR Trial

Source: JAMA

Outcomes after Angiography with Sodium Bicarbonate and Acetylcysteine – the PRESERVE Trial

Study Question: Does the use of sodium bicarbonate or acetylcysteine affect outcomes after

Visual Abstract: Association Between Cirrhosis and Stroke in a Nationally Representative Cohort

Contribution by Leon Averbukh, Internal Medicine UConn Health Source: JAMA Neurology

Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy in Obese Patients with Diabetes – The STAMPEDE Trial

Source: NEJM

Fibrinolysis for patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism – The PEITHO Trial

Source: NEJM

Cardiovascular safety of celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for arthritis – The PRECISION Trial

This visual abstract represents the important findings of the PRECISION trial. The trial c

Screening men for abdominal aortic aneurysm: 10 year mortality and cost effectiveness results from the MASS trial

Source: BMJ

Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection – The MODIFY I and MODIFY II Trials

Source: NEJM

N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in the Emergency Department – The ICON-RELOADED Study

Source: JACC

Transfusion of Plasma, Platelets, and Red Blood Cells in a 1:1:1 vs 1:1:2 Ratio and Mortality in Patients With Severe Trauma – The PROPPR Trial

Source: JAMA Contribution by Sagar Dave PGY2, Emergency Medicine UConn Health

Effect of a Retrievable IVC Filter Plus Anticoagulation vs Anticoagulation Alone on Risk of Recurrent Pulmonary Embolism – The PREPIC 2 Trial

Source: JAMA

Outcomes of Anatomical versus Functional Testing for Coronary Artery Disease – The PROMISE Trial

Source: NEJM

Age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff levels to rule out pulmonary embolism: the ADJUST-PE study

Source: JAMA

Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes – The CANVAS Trial

Source: NEJM

A Cluster-Randomized Trial of Blood-Pressure Reduction in Black Barbershops

Source: NEJM

Hydrocortisone plus Fludrocortisone for Adults with Septic Shock – The APROCCHSS Trial

The APROCCHSS trial clinically analyze the combination of steroid therapy in patients with

Edoxaban for the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism – Hokusai VTE Cancer Trial

Let’s talk methodology… In this randomized, open label, non-inferiority trial, the aut

Intermittent vs Continuous Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy for High-Risk Bleeding Ulcers

Source: JAMA Internal Medicine

Vest Prevention of Early Death Trial – VEST Trial

Source: ACC 2018

Adjunct prednisone therapy for patients with community-acquired pneumonia – STEP Trial

Source: The LANCET

Imatinib Compared with Interferon and Low-Dose Cytarabine for Newly Diagnosed Chronic-Phase CML – IRIS trial

Source: NEJM

Famotidine for the prevention of peptic ulcers and esophagitis in patients taking low-dose aspirin – FAMOUS Trial

A non-stop pharmaceutical battle… FAMOUS trial is a Phase III, randomized, double blind,

ODYSSEY Outcomes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alirocumab after an ACS

2018, Alirocumab after Acute Coronary Syndrome, ACC ODYSSEY Outcomes Trial Summary ODYSSEY

Association Between Overnight Extubations and Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit

Source: JAMA Internal Medicine

Effect of Opioid vs Nonopioid Medications on Pain-Related Function – The SPACE Trial

Source: JAMA

Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease – CANTOS Trial

Source: NEJM

Diuretic Strategies in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure – DOSE Trial

Source: NEJM

Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women with Elevated C-Reactive Protein – JUPITER Trial

Source: NEJM

Major Outcomes in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic – ALLHAT Trial

Source: JAMA  

PARADIGM-HF: Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition versus Enalapril in Heart Failure

2014, Sacubitril-valsartan vs Enalapril in HF, NEJM. PARADIGM-HF Trial Summary The PARADIG

Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

  Source: CHEST

RENAAL: Effects of Losartan on CV Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

Source: NEJM

Adjunctive Glucocorticoid Therapy in Patients With Septic Shock

  Source: NEJM

Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control – SPRINT Trial

    Source: NEJM

NICE-SUGAR: Intensive Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients

2009, Intensive versus Conventional Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients | NEJM