List of Clinical Trials Visual Abstracts

Allergy and Immunology

Asthma

Cardiology

Acute Coronary Syndrome

  • ACT Trial (2011): Acetylcysteine in coronary angiography for IV contrast protection.
  • ATLAS ACS-2, TIMI 51 Trial (2012): Rivaroxaban after ACS
  • CAPRICORN Trial (2001): Carvedilol in patients with MI and HFrEF
  • CAST I Trial(1991): Antiarrhythmics post-MI
  • CHAMPION PHOENIX Trial (2013): Cangrelor in patients undergoing PCI
  • CHARISMA Trial (2006): Aspirin/clopidogrel vs. aspirin for CV prevention
  • COLCOT Trial (2019): Low dose colchicine in ACS
  • COMMIT (2005): Metoprolol in acute MI
  • CURE (2001): Clopidogrel in UA/NSTEMI
  • EPHESUS (2003): Eplerenone post-MI with HFrEF
  • ESSENCE (1997): LMWH vs. UFH in UA/NSTEMI
  • FRISC-II (1999): Early invasive strategy in UA/NSTEMI
  • IABP-SHOCK II (2012): IABP in MI with cardiogenic shock.
  • IMPROVE-IT (2015): Ezetimibe+simvastatin after ACS
  • MADIT-II (2002): ICD post-MI with HFrEF
  • MIRACL (2001): Atorvastatin in acute coronary syndrome
  • OASIS-5 (2006): Fondaparinux vs. enoxaparin in acute coronary syndrome
  • OAT (2006): PCI+OMT vs. OMT in sub-acute MI
  • PEGASUS-TIMI 54 (2015): Extended ticagrelor+ASA after MI
  • PIONEER AF-PCI (2016): DOAC, VKA, antiplatelets after PCI with stent
  • PLATO (2009): Ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in ACS
  • PROVE IT-TIMI 22 (2004): Pravastatin vs. atorvastatin after ACS
  • SADHART (2002): Sertraline for depression post-ACS
  • SAVE (1992): Captopril in MI with LV dysfunction
  • SHOCK (1999): Early PCI/CABG in MI + shock
  • TIMACS (2009): Early vs. delayed PCI in NSTEMI and UA
  • TRITON-TIMI 38 (2007): Prasugrel vs. clopidogrel in ACS
  • VALIANT (2003): Valsartan vs. captopril in MI with LV dysfunction

Acute Kidney Injury

  • ACT (2011): Acetylcysteine for renal protection in angiography

Anemia

  • RED-HF (2013): Darbepoetin in HFrEF

Aortic Stenosis

  • PARTNER 2 (2016): TAVI for AS in intermediate-risk surgical candidates
  • PARTNER 3 (2019): TAVR for AS in low-risk surgical candidates
  • PARTNER A (2011): TAVI for AS in high-risk surgical candidates
  • PARTNER B (2010): TAVI for AS in poor surgical candidates
  • SURTAVI (2017): TAVI for AS in intermediate-risk surgical candidates

Atrial Fibrillation

  • AATAC (2016): AF ablation vs. amiodarone in HFrEF with LVEF ≤40%
  • ACTIVE A (2009): ASA/clopidogrel vs. ASA in atrial fibrillation
  • ACTIVE W (2006): ASA/clopidogrel vs. warfarin in AF
  • AFFIRM (2002): Rate vs. rhythm control in AF
  • ARISTOTLE (2011): Apixaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • AVERROES (2011): Apixaban vs. ASA in AF
  • BRIDGE (2015): LMWH bridging for surgery in AF
  • CABANA (2019): Catheter ablation vs. anti-arrhythmic therapy in AF
  • CASTLE-AF (2018): Catheter ablation vs. standard therapy in AF+HF
  • EMBRACE (2014): Extended EKG monitoring after cryptogenic stroke
  • ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 (2013): Edoxaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • FIRE AND ICE (2016): Cryoablation vs. RF ablation in pAF
  • ISAR-TRIPLE (2015): Triple therapy for 6w vs. 6m after DES
  • ORBIT-AF (2013): ASA/warfarin vs. warfarin in AF
  • PROTECT AF (2009): LAA closure vs. warfarin in AF
  • RACE II (2010): Lenient vs. strict rate control in AF
  • RE-LY (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in AF
  • ROCKET AF (2011): Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • SPAF (1991): Aspirin and warfarin in AF
  • AUGUSTUS (2019): DOAC, VKA, antiplatelets after PCI with stent and AF

Atrioventricular Block

  • BLOCK-HF (2013): RV pacing vs. BiV pacing in HF with AV block

Bradycardia

  • DAVID (2002): Dual-chamber vs. ventricular backup pacing in ICD patients

Cardiac Arrest

  • HACA (2002): Hypothermia for cardiac arrest
  • TTM (2014): 33 vs. 36°C body temperature after cardiac arrest

Cardiac Risk Assessment

  • CARP (2004): Preop coronary revascularization if stable CAD
  • POISE (2008): Perioperative metoprolol
  • POISE-2 ASA (2014): Perioperative ASA

Cardiovascular Disease

  • AURORA (2009): Rosuvastatin in ESRD
  • CHARISMA (2006): Aspirin/clopidogrel vs. aspirin for CV prevention
  • CORAL (2014): Stenting vs. medical therapy in RAS
  • HOPE-3 (2016): Statin, BP meds, both, or neither for CVD 1° prevention
  • HPS Statin (2002): Simvastatin in high risk for CVD
  • LEADER (2016): Liraglutide and CVD endpoints in T2DM
  • Look AHEAD (2013): Weight loss and exercise in T2DM
  • ONTARGET (2008): Ramipril vs. telmisartan vs. both in CVD, stroke, PAD, or DM
  • ORIGIN n-3 Fatty Acids (2012): Fish oil for high-risk CVD

Carotid Stenosis

  • CREST (2010): Stenting vs. CEA in carotid stenosis

Chronic Kidney Disease

  • CORAL (2014): Stenting vs. medical therapy in RAS

Coronary Artery Disease

  • 4S (1994): Simvastatin in stable CAD
  • ACCORD Lipid (2010): Fibrate add-on to statins in T2DM
  • AIDA (2017): Scaffold vs. stent in PCI
  • ART (2019): Bilateral vs. single IMA graft in multivessel CAD
  • ASPREE (2018): Aspirin for ASCVD 1° prevention if age >70
  • ATLAS ACS-2, TIMI 51 (2012): Rivaroxaban after ACS
  • BARI 2D (2009): CABG/PCI vs. OMT in diabetes with CAD
  • BEST (2015): PCI vs. CABG for multivessel disease
  • CANTOS (2017): Canakinumab in patients with previous MI
  • CAPRIE (1996): Clopidogrel vs. aspirin in CV disease
  • CARP (2004): Preop coronary revascularization if stable CAD
  • CHAMPION PHOENIX (2013): Cangrelor during urgent or elective PCI
  • COGENT (2010): PPI plus clopidogrel in CAD
  • Compare-Acute (2017): Multivessel PCI vs. FFR-guided complete revascularization
  • COMPASS (2017): Rivaroxaban, ASA, or both in stable CAD
  • COURAGE (2007): PCI vs. medical therapy in CAD
  • CULPRIT-SHOCK (2017): Culprit-only vs. multivessel PCI in cardiogenic shock
  • CvLPRIT (2015): Culprit lesion-only vs. complete revascularization
  • DANAMI-3 PRIMULTI (2015): Culprit lesion PCI vs. FFR in multivessel CAD
  • DAPT (2014): Aspirin/clopidogrel duration after PCI
  • DIVA (2018): BMS vs. DES for saphenous vein graft PCI
  • EUROPA (2003): Perindopril in patients with stable CAD
  • EXCEL (2016): CABG vs. PCI in left main CAD
  • FAME (2009): FFR-guided PCI in stable CAD
  • FAME 2 (2012): FFR-guided PCI vs. OMT in CAD
  • FOURIER (2017): Evolocumab for CVD events if atherosclerotic disease
  • FREEDOM (2012): CABG vs. PCI for CAD in T2DM
  • FRISC-II (1999): Early invasive strategy in UA/NSTEMI
  • HOPE (2000): Ramipril in patients with high CV risk
  • HPS2-THRIVE (2014): Niacin in atherosclerotic disease
  • IFR-SWEDEHEART (2017): iFR vs. FFR for PCI
  • ISAR-REACT 5 (2019): Ticagrelor vs. prasugrel in ACS
  • ISAR-TRIPLE (2015): Triple therapy for 6w vs. 6m after DES
  • JUPITER (2008): Rosuvastatin for primary CV prevention
  • LoDoCo (2013): Colchicine for stable CAD
  • MIRACL (2001): Atorvastatin in UA/NSTEMI
  • NORSTENT (2016): Drug-eluting stent vs. bare-metal stent in CAD
  • OAT (2006): PCI+OMT vs. OMT 3-28 days after MI
  • ORBITA (2017): PCI vs. medical therapy in stable angina
  • ORIGIN n-3 Fatty Acids (2012): Fish oil for high-risk CVD
  • PEGASUS-TIMI 54 (2015): Extended ticagrelor+ASA after MI
  • PIONEER AF-PCI (2016): DOAC, VKA, antiplatelets after PCI with stent
  • PLATO (2009): Ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in ACS
  • POISE (2008): Perioperative metoprolol
  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis
  • PREDIMED (2013): Mediterranean diet in CVD prevention
  • RE-DUAL (2017): Triple therapy vs. ASA+dabigatran in PCI if AF
  • REDUCE-IT (2018): Icosapent ethyl in CAD
  • STICH (2011): CABG in ischemic HFrEF
  • SYNTAX (2009): PCI vs. CABG in severe CAD
  • TACTICS-TIMI 18 (2001): Early vs. Delayed PCI for UA-NSTEMI
  • TIMACS (2009): Early vs. delayed PCI in NSTEMI and UA
  • TNT (2005): Atorvastatin in stable CAD
  • WOEST (2013): Clopidogrel ± ASA after PCI if on OAC
  • WOSCOPS (1995): Pravastatin in CAD

Coronary artery disease

  • AUGUSTUS (2019): DOAC, VKA, antiplatelets after PCI with stent and AF
  • CIRT (2018): Low-dose MTX for secondary prevention of CAD

Deep Vein Thrombosis

  • MARINER (2017): Rivaroxaban VTE ppx after medical admission

Depression

  • SADHART (2002): Sertraline for depression post-ACS

Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus

  • ACCORD Lipid (2010): Fibrate add-on to statins in T2DM
  • BARI 2D (2009): CABG/PCI vs. OMT in diabetes with CAD
  • CANVAS (2017): Canagliflozin for CV outcomes in T2DM
  • EMPA-REG OUTCOME (2015): Empagliflozin for CV outcomes in T2DM
  • FREEDOM (2012): CABG vs. PCI for CAD in T2DM
  • LEADER (2016): Liraglutide and CVD endpoints in T2DM
  • Look AHEAD (2013): Weight loss and exercise in T2DM
  • ONTARGET (2008): Ramipril vs. telmisartan vs. both in CVD, stroke, PAD, or DM

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

  • TRED-HF (2018): Withdrawal of medications in dilated cardiomyopathy

Endocarditis

  • EASE (2012): Early surgery in endocarditis

Heart Failure

  • A-HeFT (2004): ISDN/hydralazine for black patients with HFrEF
  • AATAC (2016): AF ablation vs. amiodarone in HFrEF with LVEF ≤40%
  • AF-CHF (2008): Rhythm control for AF in HFrEF
  • ATTR-ACT (2018): Tafamidis vs. placebo in amyloid cardiomyopathy
  • CARRESS-HF (2012): Ultrafiltration in decompensated HF
  • CHARM-Added (2003): ARB plus ACE-I in HF
  • CHARM-Preserved (2003): ARBs in HFpEF
  • COMET (2003): Carvedilol vs. metoprolol in HFrEF
  • CONSENSUS (1987): Enalapril in severe HFrEF
  • COPERNICUS (2002): Carvedilol in HFrEF
  • CORONA (2007): Rosuvastatin in ischemic HFrEF
  • DAPA-HF (2019): Dapagliflozin in HFrEF
  • DEFINITE (2004): ICD vs. medical therapy in HFrEF
  • DIG (1997): Digoxin in HFrEF
  • DINAMIT (2004): ICD for ICM shortly after MI
  • DONATE-HCV (2019): Donor HCV positive heart and lung transplant
  • DOSE (2011): Diuretic dosing in acute HF
  • EMPHASIS-HF (2011): Eplerenone in HFrEF
  • EPHESUS (2003): Eplerenone post-MI with HFrEF
  • ESCAPE (2005): PA catheters in acute HF management
  • EVEREST-Outcomes (2007): Tolvaptan in acute HF in HFrEF
  • FAIR-HF (2009): Parenteral iron in HFrEF with iron deficiency
  • HEARTMATE II (2009): Continuous-flow LVAD in heart failure
  • IRONOUT-HF (2017): Oral iron vs. placebo in HFrEF and iron deficiency
  • MADIT-CRT (2009): CRT in HFrEF with QRS ≥130 msec and mild symptoms
  • MADIT-II (2002): ICD post-MI with HFrEF
  • MERIT-HF (1999): Metoprolol in HFrEF
  • MOMENTUM 3 (2018): Centrifugal-flow LVAD vs. axial-flow LVAD in advanced HF
  • NEAT-HFpEF (2015): Nitrates for activity tolerance in HFpEF
  • PARADIGM-HF (2014): ARNI vs. enalapril in HFrEF
  • PARAGON-HF (2019): ARNI in symptomatic HFpEF
  • PIONEER-HF (2018): ARNI started in ADHF hospitalization
  • RAFT (2010): CRT+ICD for mild-moderate HFrEF
  • RALES (1999): Spironolactone in HFrEF
  • RED-HF (2013): Darbepoetin in HFrEF
  • RELAX (2013): Sildenafil vs. placebo in HFpEF
  • REMATCH (2001): Destination LVAD in end-stage heart failure
  • SAVE (1992): Captopril in MI with LV dysfunction
  • SCD-HeFT (2005): Amiodarone or ICD in severe HFrEF
  • SHIFT (2010): Ivabradine in HFrEF
  • SOLVD (1991): Enalapril in moderate-severe HFrEF
  • STICH (2011): CABG in ischemic HFrEF
  • TOPCAT (2014): Spironolactone for HFpEF
  • TRED-HF (2018): Withdrawal of medications in dilated cardiomyopathy
  • V-HeFT (1986): ISDN/hydralazine in HFrEF
  • V-HeFT II (1991): Enalapril vs. ISDN/hydralazine in HFrEF
  • Val-HeFT (2001): Valsartan in HFrEF
  • VALIANT (2003): Valsartan vs. captopril in MI with LV dysfunction

Hemorrhage

  • ANNEXA-4 (2016): Andexanet alfa for factor Xa inhibitor reversal

Hyperlipidemia

Hypertension

  • ACCOMPLISH (2008): Benazepril/amlodipine vs. benazepril/HCTZ in HTN
  • ALLHAT (2002): Chlorthalidone in HTN
  • Blood Pressure Reduction in Black Barbershops (2018): PharmD-guided BP reduction for black men in barbershops
  • CORAL (2014): Stenting vs. medical therapy in RAS
  • DASH (1997): DASH diet in HTN
  • HYVET (2008): Elderly HTN treatment
  • SPRINT (2015): BP targets in high-risk patients
  • SPYRAL HTN-ON MED (2018): Renal denervation in resistant hypertension
  • TONE (1998): Na reduction and weight loss for HTN control in elderly

Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • FAIR-HF (2009): Parenteral iron in HFrEF with iron deficiency

Mitral Regurgitation

  • MIDA (2013): Early surgery for MR

Mitral regurgitation

  • COAPT (2018): Mitra Clip for HF-related MR

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

  • CYTO-PV (2013): Hematocrit thresholds in PV

Myocardial Infarction

  • ATLAS ACS-2, TIMI 51 (2012): Rivaroxaban after ACS
  • AURORA (2009): Rosuvastatin in ESRD
  • AVOID (2015): Supplemental oxygen in STEMI
  • CAST I (1991): Antiarrhythmics post-MI
  • CHAMPION PHOENIX (2013): Cangrelor during urgent or elective PCI
  • CHARISMA (2006): Aspirin/clopidogrel vs. aspirin for CV prevention
  • COMMIT (2005): Metoprolol in acute MI
  • DAPT (2014): Aspirin/clopidogrel duration after PCI
  • DETO2X-AMI (2017): Oxygen for suspected MI
  • DINAMIT (2004): ICD for ICM shortly after MI
  • EPHESUS (2003): Eplerenone post-MI with HFrEF
  • FRISC-II (1999): Early invasive strategy in UA/NSTEMI
  • GISSI-3 (1994): Lisinopril in acute MI
  • GUSTO (1993): tPA in ACS
  • HS troponin-T to rule out MI (2014): High sensitivity troponin for acute chest pain
  • IABP-SHOCK II (2012): IABP in MI and cardiogenic shock
  • IMPROVE-IT (2015): Ezetimibe+simvastatin after ACS
  • ISIS-2 (1988): Aspirin ± streptokinase in acute MI
  • MADIT-II (2002): ICD post-MI with HFrEF
  • OASIS-5 (2006): Fondaparinux vs. enoxaparin in NSTE-ACS
  • OAT (2006): PCI+OMT vs. OMT 3-28 days after MI
  • PEGASUS-TIMI 54 (2015): Extended ticagrelor+ASA after MI
  • PIONEER AF-PCI (2016): DOAC, VKA, antiplatelets after PCI with stent
  • PRAMI (2013): PCI to high-risk non-infarct arteries in STEMI
  • SAVE (1992): Captopril in MI with LV dysfunction
  • SHOCK (1999): Early PCI/CABG in MI + shock
  • TIMACS (2009): Early vs. delayed PCI in NSTEMI and UA
  • VALIANT (2003): Valsartan vs. captopril in MI with LV dysfunction

Osteoarthritis

  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis

Patent Foramen Ovale

  • CLOSURE I (2012): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke
  • RESPECT (2013): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke

Pericarditis

  • AIRTRIP (2016): Anakinra in colchicine-resistant pericarditis
  • ICAP (2013): Colchicine in the first episode of acute pericarditis

Peripheral Arterial Disease

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Polycythemia Vera

  • CYTO-PV (2013): Hematocrit thresholds in PV

Pulmonary Embolism

  • MARINER (2017): Rivaroxaban VTE ppx after medical admission
  • MOPETT (2013): Low-dose tPA for submassive PE

Respiratory Failure

  • DONATE-HCV (2019): Donor HCV positive heart and lung transplant

Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis

Shock

  • IABP-SHOCK II (2012): IABP in MI and cardiogenic shock
  • SHOCK (1999): Early PCI/CABG in MI + shock

Stroke

  • ACCORD Lipid (2010): Fibrate add-on to statins in T2DM
  • ACTIVE A (2009): ASA/clopidogrel vs. ASA in AF
  • ACTIVE W (2006): ASA/clopidogrel vs. warfarin in AF
  • ARISTOTLE (2011): Apixaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • AURORA (2009): Rosuvastatin in ESRD
  • AVERROES (2011): Apixaban vs. ASA in AF
  • BRIDGE (2015): LMWH bridging for surgery in AF
  • CAPRIE (1996): Clopidogrel vs. aspirin in CV disease
  • CHARISMA (2006): Aspirin/clopidogrel vs. aspirin for CV prevention
  • CLOSURE I (2012): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke
  • CREST (2010): Stenting vs. CEA in carotid stenosis
  • DAPT (2014): Aspirin/clopidogrel duration after PCI
  • EMBRACE (2014): Extended EKG monitoring after cryptogenic stroke
  • HOPE (2000): Ramipril in patients with high CV risk
  • JUPITER (2008): Rosuvastatin for primary CV prevention
  • ONTARGET (2008): Ramipril vs. telmisartan vs. both in CVD, stroke, PAD, or DM
  • ORBIT-AF (2013): ASA/warfarin vs. warfarin in AF
  • ORIGIN n-3 Fatty Acids (2012): Fish oil for high-risk CVD
  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis
  • PREDIMED (2013): Mediterranean diet in CVD prevention
  • PROTECT AF (2009): LAA closure vs. warfarin in AF
  • RE-LY (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in AF
  • RESPECT (2013): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke
  • ROCKET AF (2011): Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • SPAF (1991): Aspirin and warfarin in AF
  • WASID (2005): Warfarin vs. aspirin for intracranial atherosclerosis

Sudden Cardiac Death

  • VEST (2018): Wearable cardioverter-defibrillator post-MI

Transient Ischemic Attack

  • ACTIVE A (2009): ASA/clopidogrel vs. ASA in AF
  • ACTIVE W (2006): ASA/clopidogrel vs. warfarin in AF
  • ARISTOTLE (2011): Apixaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • AVERROES (2011): Apixaban vs. ASA in AF
  • CAPRIE (1996): Clopidogrel vs. aspirin in CV disease
  • CLOSURE I (2012): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke
  • CREST (2010): Stenting vs. CEA in carotid stenosis
  • HOPE (2000): Ramipril in patients with high CV risk
  • JUPITER (2008): Rosuvastatin for primary CV prevention
  • PREDIMED (2013): Mediterranean diet in CVD prevention
  • RE-LY (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in AF
  • RESPECT (2013): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke
  • ROCKET AF (2011): Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in AF

Valvular Disease

  • RE-ALIGN (2013): Dabigatran in mechanical heart valves

Venous Thromboembolism

  • MARINER (2017): Rivaroxaban VTE ppx after medical admission
  • MOPETT (2013): Low-dose tPA for submassive PE

Ventricular Tachycardia

  • DANISH (2016): ICD vs. standard care in NICM and LVEF ≤35%
  • MUSTT (1999): ICD vs. antiarrhythmics vs. neither in mild HF and VT at EPS
  • VANISH (2016): Ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drugs in VT

Critical Care

Acute Coronary Syndrome

  • IABP-SHOCK II (2012): IABP in MI and cardiogenic shock
  • SHOCK (1999): Early PCI/CABG in MI + shock

Acute Kidney Injury

  • AKIKI (2016): Early vs. late RRT in severe AKI in ICU
  • ATN (2008): RRT intensity in ATN
  • IDEAL-ICU (2018): Early vs. delayed RRT in septic shock
  • SALT-ED (2018): Balanced crystalloids vs. NS in non-critical ED patients

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  • ACURASYS (2010): Cisatracurium in ARDS
  • ARDSNet (2000): Low vs. traditional volumes in ARDS
  • FACTT (2006): Fluid management in ARDS
  • OSCILLATE (2013): High-frequency oscillatory vent in early ARDS
  • PROSEVA (2013): Prone ventilation in ARDS
  • ROSE (2019): Cisatracurium NM blockade in ARDS

Anemia

  • TRICC (1999): Transfusion thresholds in ICU
  • TRISS (2014): Transfusion thresholds in sepsis

Cardiac Arrest

  • HACA (2002): Hypothermia for cardiac arrest
  • TTM (2014): 33 vs. 36°C body temperature after cardiac arrest

Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection

  • 3SITES (2015): Central line complications by insertion site

Critical Illness

  • 3SITES (2015): Central line complications by insertion site
  • ATN (2008): RRT intensity in ATN
  • BICAR-ICU (2018): Bicarbonate in severe metabolic acidosis
  • MIND-USA (2018): Antipsychotics in ICU delirium
  • PRORATA (2010): Procalcitonin-guided antibiotics
  • SAFE (2004): Albumin vs. saline in ICU
  • SEDCOM (2009): Dexmedetomidine vs. midazolam for sedation
  • SMART-MED and SMART-SURG (2018): NS vs. balanced crystalloids in ICU
  • Yang-Tobin Study (1991): RSBI for predicting weaning

Delirium

  • MIND-USA (2018): Antipsychotics in ICU delirium
  • SPICE III (2019): Dexmedetomidine in ICU sedation

Diabetes Mellitus

  • RABBIT 2 (2007): Basal-bolus insulin in inpatients with DM

Fever

  • HEAT (2015): Acetaminophen in febrile ICU patients

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Heart Failure

  • ESCAPE (2005): PA catheters in acute HF management

Hypovolemia

  • SALT-ED (2018): Balanced crystalloids vs. NS in non-critical ED patients

Metabolic Acidosis

  • BICAR-ICU (2018): Bicarbonate in severe metabolic acidosis

Myocardial Infarction

  • IABP-SHOCK II (2012): IABP in MI and cardiogenic shock
  • SHOCK (1999): Early PCI/CABG in MI + shock

Pneumonia

  • PneumA (2003): 8 vs. 15 days of antibiotics in VAP

Pulmonary Embolism

  • MOPETT (2013): Low-dose tPA for submassive PE
  • PEITHO (2014): tPA for submassive PE

Respiratory Failure

Sedation

  • SPICE III (2019): Dexmedetomidine in ICU sedation

Sepsis

Septic Shock

  • IDEAL-ICU (2018): Early vs. delayed RRT in septic shock

Shock

Stress Hyperglycemia

Stress Ulcer

  • POP-UP (2016): PPIs for stress ulcer prophylaxis

Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis

  • SUP-ICU (2018): Routine PPI use in the ICU

Stroke

  • NINDS (1995): tPA in ischemic stroke

Venous Thromboembolism

  • MOPETT (2013): Low-dose tPA for submassive PE
  • PEITHO (2014): tPA for submassive PE

Dermatology

Warts

Emergency Medicine

Acute Coronary Syndrome

Chronic Pain

  • SPACE (2018): Opioids vs. non-opioids in chronic MSK pain

Hemorrhage

  • ANNEXA-4 (2016): Andexanet alfa for factor Xa inhibitor reversal

Myocardial Infarction

Pulmonary Embolism

  • ADJUST-PE (2014): Age-adjusted D-dimer for PE

Sepsis

  • ProMISe (2015): Multicenter EGDT trial in severe sepsis
  • Rivers Trial (2001): Early goal-directed therapy in sepsis
  • SOAP II (2010): Dopamine vs. norepinephrine in shock

Shock

  • ProMISe (2015): Multicenter EGDT trial in severe sepsis
  • Rivers Trial (2001): Early goal-directed therapy in sepsis
  • SOAP II (2010): Dopamine vs. norepinephrine in shock

Trauma

Venous Thromboembolism

  • ADJUST-PE (2014): Age-adjusted D-dimer for PE

Endocrinology

Anemia

  • TREAT (2009): Darbepoetin in CKD and T2DM

Cardiovascular Disease

  • LEADER (2016): Liraglutide and CVD endpoints in T2DM
  • Look AHEAD (2013): Weight loss and exercise in T2DM
  • ONTARGET (2008): Ramipril vs. telmisartan vs. both in CVD, stroke, PAD, or DM

Chronic Kidney Disease

  • RENAAL (2001): ARBs in diabetic nephropathy
  • TREAT (2009): Darbepoetin in CKD and T2DM

Coronary Artery Disease

  • ACCORD Lipid (2010): Fibrate add-on to statins in T2DM
  • BARI 2D (2009): CABG/PCI vs. OMT in diabetes with CAD
  • FREEDOM (2012): CABG vs. PCI for CAD in T2DM
  • WHI (2002): Postmenopausal estrogen/progesterone

Diabetes Mellitus

  • ACCORD (2008): Intensive glycemic therapy in T2DM
  • ACCORD BP (2010): Intensive BP control in T2DM
  • ACCORD Lipid (2010): Fibrate add-on to statins in T2DM
  • ADVANCE (2008): Intensive glycemic therapy in T2DM
  • BARI 2D (2009): CABG/PCI vs. OMT in diabetes with CAD
  • CANVAS (2017): Canagliflozin for CV outcomes in T2DM
  • CREDENCE (2019): Canagliflozin in diabetic nephropathy
  • CSG Captopril Trial (1993): Captopril in T1DM nephropathy
  • DCCT (1993): Intensive glycemic therapy in T1DM
  • DPP (2002): Metformin and intensive lifestyle in prediabetes
  • EDIC (2005): Intensive glycemic therapy in T1DM
  • EMPA-REG OUTCOME (2015): Empagliflozin for CV outcomes in T2DM
  • FREEDOM (2012): CABG vs. PCI for CAD in T2DM
  • IDNT (2001): ARBs in diabetic nephropathy
  • LEADER (2016): Liraglutide and CVD endpoints in T2DM
  • Look AHEAD (2013): Weight loss and exercise in T2DM
  • ONTARGET (2008): Ramipril vs. telmisartan vs. both in CVD, stroke, PAD, or DM
  • RABBIT 2 (2007): Basal-bolus insulin in inpatients with DM
  • RENAAL (2001): ARBs in diabetic nephropathy
  • STAMPEDE (2012): Gastric bypass vs. medical therapy for T2DM
  • TREAT (2009): Darbepoetin in CKD and T2DM
  • UKPDS 33 (1998): Intensive glycemic therapy in T2DM
  • UKPDS 34 (1998): Metformin in T2DM
  • VA-NEPHRON D (2013): ACE+ARB in DM nephropathy
  • VADT (2009): Intensive glycemic therapy in T2DM

Diabetic Nephropathy

Heart Failure

  • DAPA-HF (2019): Dapagliflozin in HFrEF

Hypertension

  • ACCORD BP (2010): Intensive BP control in T2DM

Menopause

  • WHI (2002): Postmenopausal estrogen/progesterone

Obesity

  • STAMPEDE (2012): Gastric bypass vs. medical therapy for T2DM

Prediabetes

  • DPP (2002): Metformin and intensive lifestyle in prediabetes

Sepsis

  • CORTICUS (2008): Hydrocortisone in septic shock

Shock

  • CORTICUS (2008): Hydrocortisone in septic shock

Stress Hyperglycemia

Stroke

  • ACCORD Lipid (2010): Fibrate add-on to statins in T2DM
  • ONTARGET (2008): Ramipril vs. telmisartan vs. both in CVD, stroke, PAD, or DM

Gastroenterology

Alcoholic Hepatitis

Cirrhosis

Clostridium difficile

Colorectal Cancer

  • COLONPREV (2012): FIT vs. colonoscopy for colon cancer screening

Crohn Disease

  • SONIC (2010): Infliximab ± azathioprine induction in Crohn disease

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Hemorrhage

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hepatitis C

  • VALENCE (2014): Sofosbuvir+ribavirin for HCV genotypes 2 or 3

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

  • SONIC (2010): Infliximab ± azathioprine induction in Crohn disease

Pancreatitis

  • PANTER (2010): Step-up approach to pancreatitis

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Geriatrics

Bacteriuria

Hypertension

  • HYVET (2008): Elderly HTN treatment

Pyuria

Gynecology

Coronary Artery Disease

  • WHI (2002): Postmenopausal estrogen/progesterone

Menopause

  • WHI (2002): Postmenopausal estrogen/progesterone

Unplanned Pregnancy

  • CHOICE (2014): Free long-acting reversible contraception in teens

Hematology

Anemia

  • CHOIR (2006): EPO in CKD with anemia
  • FOCUS (2011): Transfusion thresholds after hip surgery
  • RED-HF (2013): Darbepoetin in HFrEF
  • TREAT (2009): Darbepoetin in CKD and T2DM
  • TRICC (1999): Transfusion thresholds in ICU
  • TRICS III (2017): Transfusion thresholds for cardiac surgery

Antiphospholipid Syndrome

  • TRAPS (2018): Rivaroxaban in high-risk APLS

Atrial Fibrillation

  • BRIDGE (2015): LMWH bridging for surgery in AF

Chronic Kidney Disease

  • CHOIR (2006): EPO in CKD with anemia
  • TREAT (2009): Darbepoetin in CKD and T2DM

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

  • IRIS (2003): Imatinib vs. IFNα/cytarabine in CML

Coronary Artery Disease

  • WOEST (2013): Clopidogrel ± ASA after PCI if on OAC

Deep Vein Thrombosis

  • AMPLIFY (2013): Apixaban vs. warfarin in VTE
  • AMPLIFY-EXT (2013): Apixaban after VTE treatment
  • APEX (2017): Betrixaban for extended VTE prophylaxis
  • ATTRACT (2017): Pharmacomechanical therapy vs. anticoagulation in DVT
  • AVERT (2018): Apixaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CASSINI (2019): Rivaroxaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CLOT (2003): LMWH vs. warfarin in cancer VTE
  • DODS (2019): D-dimer based anticoagulation discontinuation
  • EINSTEIN CHOICE (2017): Rivaroxaban after VTE treatment
  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis
  • Hokusai VTE Cancer Trial (2018): Edoxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • MAGELLAN (2013): Rivaroxaban vs. LMWH for VTE prophylaxis
  • MARINER (2017): Rivaroxaban VTE ppx after medical admission
  • PREPIC (1998): IVC filters for proximal DVT
  • PROLONG (2006): D-Dimer testing after VTE
  • RE-COVER (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in VTE
  • SELECT-D (2018): Rivaroxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • SOME (2015): Occult cancer screening in unprovoked VTE
  • WARFASA (2012): Aspirin after VTE treatment

Diabetes Mellitus

  • TREAT (2009): Darbepoetin in CKD and T2DM

Heart Failure

  • FAIR-HF (2009): Parenteral iron in HFrEF with iron deficiency
  • RED-HF (2013): Darbepoetin in HFrEF

Hemorrhage

  • ANNEXA (2015): Andexanet for reversing Xa inhibitors
  • ANNEXA-4 (2016): Andexanet alfa for factor Xa inhibitor reversal
  • RE-VERSE AD (2015): Idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal

Hip Fracture

  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis
  • FOCUS (2011): Transfusion thresholds after hip surgery

Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • FAIR-HF (2009): Parenteral iron in HFrEF with iron deficiency

Leukemia

Lymphoma

Meniscal Tear

  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis

Multiple Myeloma

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

  • CYTO-PV (2013): Hematocrit thresholds in PV
  • IRIS (2003): Imatinib vs. IFNα/cytarabine in CML

Osteoarthritis

  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Polycythemia Vera

  • CYTO-PV (2013): Hematocrit thresholds in PV

Post-Thrombotic Syndrome

  • ATTRACT (2017): Pharmacomechanical therapy vs. anticoagulation in DVT

Pregnancy

  • TIPPS (2014): Dalteparin in pregnant woman with thrombophilias

Pulmonary Embolism

  • ADJUST-PE (2014): Age-adjusted D-dimer for PE
  • AMPLIFY (2013): Apixaban vs. warfarin in VTE
  • AMPLIFY-EXT (2013): Apixaban after VTE treatment
  • APEX (2017): Betrixaban for extended VTE prophylaxis
  • AVERT (2018): Apixaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CASSINI (2019): Rivaroxaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CLOT (2003): LMWH vs. warfarin in cancer VTE
  • DODS (2019): D-dimer based anticoagulation discontinuation
  • EINSTEIN CHOICE (2017): Rivaroxaban after VTE treatment
  • EINSTEIN-PE (2012): Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in PE
  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis
  • Hokusai VTE Cancer Trial (2018): Edoxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • MAGELLAN (2013): Rivaroxaban vs. LMWH for VTE prophylaxis
  • MARINER (2017): Rivaroxaban VTE ppx after medical admission
  • PEITHO (2014): tPA for submassive PE
  • PESIT (2016): Prevalence of PE in syncope
  • PIOPED II (2006): Accuracy of CT for PE
  • PREPIC (1998): IVC filters for proximal DVT
  • PROLONG (2006): D-Dimer testing after VTE
  • RE-COVER (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in VTE
  • SELECT-D (2018): Rivaroxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • SOME (2015): Occult cancer screening in unprovoked VTE
  • WARFASA (2012): Aspirin after VTE treatment

Sickle-Cell Disease

  • MSH (1995): Hydroxyurea in sickle-cell disease

Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

Stroke

  • BRIDGE (2015): LMWH bridging for surgery in AF

Syncope

  • PESIT (2016): Prevalence of PE in syncope

Thrombophilia

  • TIPPS (2014): Dalteparin in pregnant woman with thrombophilias

Valvular Disease

  • RE-ALIGN (2013): Dabigatran in mechanical heart valves

Venous Thromboembolism

  • ADJUST-PE (2014): Age-adjusted D-dimer for PE
  • AMPLIFY (2013): Apixaban vs. warfarin in VTE
  • AMPLIFY-EXT (2013): Apixaban after VTE treatment
  • APEX (2017): Betrixaban for extended VTE prophylaxis
  • ASPIRE (2012): Aspirin after VTE treatment
  • ATTRACT (2017): Pharmacomechanical therapy vs. anticoagulation in DVT
  • AVERT (2018): Apixaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CASSINI (2019): Rivaroxaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CLOT (2003): LMWH vs. warfarin in cancer VTE
  • DODS (2019): D-dimer based anticoagulation discontinuation
  • EINSTEIN CHOICE (2017): Rivaroxaban after VTE treatment
  • EINSTEIN-PE (2012): Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in PE
  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis
  • Hokusai VTE Cancer Trial (2018): Edoxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • MAGELLAN (2013): Rivaroxaban vs. LMWH for VTE prophylaxis
  • MARINER (2017): Rivaroxaban VTE ppx after medical admission
  • PEITHO (2014): tPA for submassive PE
  • PESIT (2016): Prevalence of PE in syncope
  • PIOPED II (2006): Accuracy of CT for PE
  • PREPIC (1998): IVC filters for proximal DVT
  • PREPIC 2 (2015): IVC filters for high-risk PE
  • PROLONG (2006): D-Dimer testing after VTE
  • RE-COVER (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in VTE
  • SELECT-D (2018): Rivaroxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • SOME (2015): Occult cancer screening in unprovoked VTE
  • TIPPS (2014): Dalteparin in pregnant woman with thrombophilias
  • WARFASA (2012): Aspirin after VTE treatment

Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

Infectious Disease

Appendicitis

  • APPAC (2015): Antibiotics vs. surgery for acute appendicitis

Bacteremia

  • ARREST (2017): Rifampin in S. aureus bacteremia

Bacteriuria

Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection

  • 3SITES (2015): Central line complications by insertion site

Cirrhosis

Clostridium difficile

Covid-19

  • ACTT-1 (2020): Remdesivir vs. placebo in Covid-19

Critical Illness

  • 3SITES (2015): Central line complications by insertion site
  • PRORATA (2010): Procalcitonin-guided antibiotics

Endocarditis

  • EASE (2012): Early surgery in endocarditis
  • POET (2019): PO abx after 10d IV abx for left-sided endocarditis

Fever

  • HEAT (2015): Acetaminophen in febrile ICU patients

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

HIV

  • ANRS IPERGAY (2015): Pre-exposure prophylaxis in high-risk men
  • AZT Trial (1987): Zidovudine in HIV/AIDS
  • HPTN 052 (2011): Early ART in HIV
  • INSIGHT START (2015): Early vs. delayed ART in HIV
  • IPrEx (2010): ART in primary HIV prevention
  • NA-ACCORD (2009): Early vs. delayed ART in HIV

Hepatitis C

  • VALENCE (2014): Sofosbuvir+ribavirin for HCV genotypes 2 or 3

Intraabdominal Infection

  • STOP-IT (2015): Duration of abx in intraabdominal infection

Meningitis

Osteomyelitis

  • OVIVA (2019): PO vs. IV antibiotics for bone/joint infection

Pneumonia

  • 3C (2017): Antibiotic strategies in lower respiratory tract infections
  • CAP-START (2015): Antibiotic strategies for PNA
  • PneumA (2003): 8 vs. 15 days of antibiotics in VAP

Pyuria

Sepsis

Shock

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Tuberculosis

  • PREVENT TB (2011): Rifapentine/isoniazid in latent TB

Urinary Tract Infections

  • S-HYDRACYST (2018): Increasing water intake to prevent UTIs in premenopausal women

Interventional Radiology

Cirrhosis

  • Early TIPS (2010): Early TIPS in high-risk cirrhotic variceal bleeding

Deep Vein Thrombosis

  • PREPIC (1998): IVC filters for proximal DVT

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

  • Early TIPS (2010): Early TIPS in high-risk cirrhotic variceal bleeding

Pulmonary Embolism

  • PREPIC (1998): IVC filters for proximal DVT

Stroke

  • SAMMPRIS (2011): Stenting in intracranial stenosis

Venous Thromboembolism

  • PREPIC (1998): IVC filters for proximal DVT
  • PREPIC 2 (2015): IVC filters for high-risk PE

Nephrology

Acute Coronary Syndrome

  • ACT (2011): Acetylcysteine with IV contrast

Acute Kidney Injury

  • ACT (2011): Acetylcysteine with IV contrast
  • AKIKI (2016): Early vs. late RRT in severe AKI in ICU
  • ATN (2008): RRT intensity in ATN
  • IDEAL-ICU (2018): Early vs. delayed RRT in septic shock
  • SALT-ED (2018): Balanced crystalloids vs. NS in non-critical ED patients

Anemia

  • CHOIR (2006): EPO in CKD with anemia
  • TREAT (2009): Darbepoetin in CKD and T2DM

Cardiovascular Disease

  • AURORA (2009): Rosuvastatin in ESRD
  • CORAL (2014): Stenting vs. medical therapy in RAS
  • EVOLVE (2012): Cinacalcet in ESRD
  • ONTARGET (2008): Ramipril vs. telmisartan vs. both in CVD, stroke, PAD, or DM

Chronic Kidney Disease

  • AASK (2002): BP management for CKD in African Americans
  • Benazepril in Severe CKD (2006): Benazepril in non-diabetic CKD
  • CHOIR (2006): EPO in CKD with anemia
  • CORAL (2014): Stenting vs. medical therapy in RAS
  • EVOLVE (2012): Cinacalcet in ESRD
  • HEMO (2002): High dialysis dose and high-flux membrane in hemodialysis
  • IDEAL (2010): Early vs. late dialysis in CKD
  • NCDS (1981): Dialysis prescriptions in ESRD
  • RENAAL (2001): ARBs in diabetic nephropathy
  • TREAT (2009): Darbepoetin in CKD and T2DM

Critical Illness

Diabetes Mellitus

  • CANVAS (2017): Canagliflozin for CV outcomes in T2DM
  • CREDENCE (2019): Canagliflozin in diabetic nephropathy
  • CSG Captopril Trial (1993): Captopril in T1DM nephropathy
  • IDNT (2001): ARBs in diabetic nephropathy
  • ONTARGET (2008): Ramipril vs. telmisartan vs. both in CVD, stroke, PAD, or DM
  • RENAAL (2001): ARBs in diabetic nephropathy
  • TREAT (2009): Darbepoetin in CKD and T2DM
  • VA-NEPHRON D (2013): ACE+ARB in DM nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy

Hypertension

  • AASK (2002): BP management for CKD in African Americans
  • ALLHAT (2002): Chlorthalidone in HTN
  • ASTRAL (2009): Revascularization in RAS
  • CORAL (2014): Stenting vs. medical therapy in RAS
  • DASH (1997): DASH diet in HTN
  • HYVET (2008): Elderly HTN treatment

Hypovolemia

  • SALT-ED (2018): Balanced crystalloids vs. NS in non-critical ED patients

Kidney Transplant

Lupus

  • ALMS (2009): MMF vs. CTX in lupus nephritis

Lupus Nephritis

  • ALMS (2009): MMF vs. CTX in lupus nephritis

Myocardial Infarction

  • AURORA (2009): Rosuvastatin in ESRD

Renal Artery Stenosis

  • ASTRAL (2009): Revascularization in RAS

Septic Shock

  • IDEAL-ICU (2018): Early vs. delayed RRT in septic shock

Stroke

  • AURORA (2009): Rosuvastatin in ESRD
  • ONTARGET (2008): Ramipril vs. telmisartan vs. both in CVD, stroke, PAD, or DM

Vasculitis

  • CYCLOPS (2009): Pulse cyclophosphamide for ANCA vasculitis

Neurology

Atrial Fibrillation

  • ACTIVE A (2009): ASA/clopidogrel vs. ASA in AF
  • ACTIVE W (2006): ASA/clopidogrel vs. warfarin in AF
  • ARISTOTLE (2011): Apixaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • AVERROES (2011): Apixaban vs. ASA in AF
  • EMBRACE (2014): Extended EKG monitoring after cryptogenic stroke
  • ORBIT-AF (2013): ASA/warfarin vs. warfarin in AF
  • RE-LY (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in AF
  • ROCKET AF (2011): Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • SPAF (1991): Aspirin and warfarin in AF

Cardiac Arrest

  • HACA (2002): Hypothermia for cardiac arrest
  • TTM (2014): 33 vs. 36°C body temperature after cardiac arrest

Cardiovascular Disease

Carotid Stenosis

  • CREST (2010): Stenting vs. CEA in carotid stenosis
  • ECST (1998): CEA in symptomatic carotid stenosis
  • NASCET (1998): CEA in symptomatic carotid stenosis

Coronary Artery Disease

  • CAPRIE (1996): Clopidogrel vs. aspirin in CV disease
  • HOPE (2000): Ramipril in patients with high CV risk
  • ORIGIN n-3 Fatty Acids (2012): Fish oil for high-risk CVD
  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis

Epilepsy

  • RAMPART (2012): Midazolam vs. lorazepam for status epilepticus

Hyperlipidemia

  • SPARCL (2006): Atorvastatin after stroke

Intracranial Hypertension

  • RESCUEicp (2016): Craniectomy vs. medical care for intracranial hypertension

Meningitis

Osteoarthritis

  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis

Patent Foramen Ovale

  • CLOSURE I (2012): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke
  • RESPECT (2013): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke

Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis

Seizure

  • RAMPART (2012): Midazolam vs. lorazepam for status epilepticus

Stroke

  • ACTIVE A (2009): ASA/clopidogrel vs. ASA in AF
  • ACTIVE W (2006): ASA/clopidogrel vs. warfarin in AF
  • ARISTOTLE (2011): Apixaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • AVERROES (2011): Apixaban vs. ASA in AF
  • CAPRIE (1996): Clopidogrel vs. aspirin in CV disease
  • CHANCE (2013): ASA/clopidogrel vs. ASA in TIA/stroke
  • CLOSURE I (2012): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke
  • CREST (2010): Stenting vs. CEA in carotid stenosis
  • DAWN (2018): Thrombectomy 6-24 hours after stroke
  • ECASS III (2008): Alteplase 3-4.5h after stroke
  • ECST (1998): CEA in symptomatic carotid stenosis
  • EMBRACE (2014): Extended EKG monitoring after cryptogenic stroke
  • ESPRIT (2006): ASA+dipyridamole in secondary stroke prevention
  • FLAME (Stroke) (2011): SSRI after CVA for motor recovery
  • HOPE (2000): Ramipril in patients with high CV risk
  • IST (1997): Aspirin in acute ischemic stroke
  • MATCH (2004): ASA/clopidogrel vs. clopidogrel in stroke
  • MR CLEAN (2015): IA therapy for proximal large artery strokes
  • MR RESCUE (2013): Thrombectomy vs. standard care in stroke
  • NASCET (1998): CEA in symptomatic carotid stenosis
  • NINDS (1995): tPA in ischemic stroke
  • ORBIT-AF (2013): ASA/warfarin vs. warfarin in AF
  • ORIGIN n-3 Fatty Acids (2012): Fish oil for high-risk CVD
  • POINT (2018): Aspirin/clopidogrel vs. aspirin in stroke/TIA
  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis
  • PRoFESS (2008): ASA-dipyridamole vs. clopidogrel in stroke
  • RE-LY (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in AF
  • RESPECT (2013): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke
  • ROCKET AF (2011): Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • SAMMPRIS (2011): Stenting in intracranial stenosis
  • SOCRATES (2016): Ticagrelor vs. aspirin in acute stroke or TIA
  • SPAF (1991): Aspirin and warfarin in AF
  • SPARCL (2006): Atorvastatin after stroke
  • SPS3 Clopidogrel-ASA (2012): Clopidogrel+ASA for lacunar strokes
  • SPS3-BP (2013): SBP <130 vs. SBP 130-150 after lacunar strokes
  • WASID (2005): Warfarin vs. aspirin for intracranial atherosclerosis

Transient Ischemic Attack

  • ACTIVE A (2009): ASA/clopidogrel vs. ASA in AF
  • ACTIVE W (2006): ASA/clopidogrel vs. warfarin in AF
  • ARISTOTLE (2011): Apixaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • AVERROES (2011): Apixaban vs. ASA in AF
  • CAPRIE (1996): Clopidogrel vs. aspirin in CV disease
  • CHANCE (2013): ASA/clopidogrel vs. ASA in TIA/stroke
  • CLOSURE I (2012): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke
  • CREST (2010): Stenting vs. CEA in carotid stenosis
  • ESPRIT (2006): ASA+dipyridamole in secondary stroke prevention
  • HOPE (2000): Ramipril in patients with high CV risk
  • POINT (2018): Aspirin/clopidogrel vs. aspirin in stroke/TIA
  • RE-LY (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in AF
  • RESPECT (2013): PFO closure in cryptogenic stroke
  • ROCKET AF (2011): Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in AF
  • SPARCL (2006): Atorvastatin after stroke
  • SPS3 Clopidogrel-ASA (2012): Clopidogrel+ASA for lacunar strokes

Trauma

Traumatic Brain Injury

  • RESCUEicp (2016): Craniectomy vs. medical care for intracranial hypertension

Obstetrics

Neural Tube Defects

Pregnancy

  • TIPPS (2014): Dalteparin in pregnant woman with thrombophilias

Thrombophilia

  • TIPPS (2014): Dalteparin in pregnant woman with thrombophilias

Unplanned Pregnancy

  • CHOICE (2014): Free long-acting reversible contraception in teens

Venous Thromboembolism

  • TIPPS (2014): Dalteparin in pregnant woman with thrombophilias

Oncology

Breast Cancer

  • ACOSOG Z0011 (2011): ALND in SLND-positive breast cancer
  • Age Trial (2006): Mammograms for 40-49 year old women
  • ATLAS (2013): 10y vs. 5y tamoxifen in breast cancer
  • EMILIA (2012): T-DM1 in metastatic breast cancer
  • HERA (2005): Trastuzumab in breast cancer
  • NSABP B-32 (2010): Sentinel LN biopsy in breast cancer
  • NSABP P-1 (1998): Tamoxifen in breast cancer prevention
  • STAR (2006): Tamoxifen vs. raloxifene in breast cancer prevention

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

  • IRIS (2003): Imatinib vs. IFNα/cytarabine in CML

Colorectal Cancer

  • COLONPREV (2012): FIT vs. colonoscopy for colon cancer screening

Deep Vein Thrombosis

  • AVERT (2018): Apixaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CASSINI (2019): Rivaroxaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CLOT (2003): LMWH vs. warfarin in cancer VTE
  • Hokusai VTE Cancer Trial (2018): Edoxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • SELECT-D (2018): Rivaroxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • SOME (2015): Occult cancer screening in unprovoked VTE

Leukemia

Lung Cancer

Lymphoma

  • StiL (2013): BR vs. R-CHOP for indolent lymphomas

Melanoma

  • BRIM-3 (2011): Vemurafenib in BRAF V600+ melanoma
  • CheckMate-003 (2012): Nivolumab in solid tumors

Multiple Myeloma

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

  • IRIS (2003): Imatinib vs. IFNα/cytarabine in CML

Pancreatic Cancer

  • MPACT (2013): Gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic cancer
  • PRODIGE 4 ACCORD 11 (2011): FOLFIRINOX in pancreatic cancer

Prostate Cancer

  • ERSPC (2009): PSA for prostate cancer screening
  • PCPT (2003): Finasteride for prostate cancer prophylaxis

Pulmonary Embolism

  • AVERT (2018): Apixaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CASSINI (2019): Rivaroxaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CLOT (2003): LMWH vs. warfarin in cancer VTE
  • Hokusai VTE Cancer Trial (2018): Edoxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • SELECT-D (2018): Rivaroxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • SOME (2015): Occult cancer screening in unprovoked VTE

Renal Cell Carcinoma

  • CheckMate-003 (2012): Nivolumab in solid tumors
  • SWOG 8949 (2001): Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic RCC

Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma

Venous Thromboembolism

  • AVERT (2018): Apixaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CASSINI (2019): Rivaroxaban for VTE prevention in cancer
  • CLOT (2003): LMWH vs. warfarin in cancer VTE
  • Hokusai VTE Cancer Trial (2018): Edoxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • SELECT-D (2018): Rivaroxaban vs. LMWH in cancer VTE
  • SOME (2015): Occult cancer screening in unprovoked VTE

Ophthalmology

Macular Degeneration

  • CATT (2011): Ranibizumab vs. bevacizumab for macular degeneration

Orthopedics

Deep Vein Thrombosis

  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis

Hip Fracture

  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis

Meniscal Tear

  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis

Osteoarthritis

  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis

Pulmonary Embolism

  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis

Venous Thromboembolism

  • EPCAT II (2018): Aspirin vs. rivaroxaban for postoperative VTE prophylaxis

Pain Medicine

Chronic Pain

  • SPACE (2018): Opioids vs. non-opioids in chronic MSK pain

Spinal Stenosis

  • LESS (2014): Epidural steroids in spinal stenosis

Palliative Care

Hyperlipidemia

Lung Cancer

Pediatrics

Asthma

  • EXTRA (2011): Omalizumab in severe allergic asthma

Shock

  • FEAST (2011): Fluid resuscitation in Sub-Saharan Africa

Warts

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Low back pain

Meniscal Tear

  • METEOR (2013): Surgery vs. PT in OA with meniscal tear

Osteoarthritis

  • METEOR (2013): Surgery vs. PT in OA with meniscal tear
  • Moseley Trial (2002): Arthroscopy in knee OA

Spinal Stenosis

  • LESS (2014): Epidural steroids in spinal stenosis

Preventive Medicine

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

  • MASS (2009): US screening for AAA in men

Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease

  • ASPREE (2018): Aspirin for ASCVD 1° prevention if age >70

Breast Cancer

  • Age Trial (2006): Mammograms for 40-49 year old women
  • NSABP P-1 (1998): Tamoxifen in breast cancer prevention

Cardiac Risk Assessment

  • CARP (2004): Preop coronary revascularization if stable CAD

Clostridium difficile

  • PLACIDE (2013): Probiotics to prevent CDAD

Colorectal Cancer

  • COLONPREV (2012): FIT vs. colonoscopy for colon cancer screening

Coronary Artery Disease

  • CARP (2004): Preop coronary revascularization if stable CAD
  • JUPITER (2008): Rosuvastatin for primary CV prevention

HIV

  • IPrEx (2010): ART in primary HIV prevention

Hyperlipidemia

  • JUPITER (2008): Rosuvastatin for primary CV prevention

Hypertension

  • SPRINT (2015): BP targets in high-risk patients

Lung Cancer

  • NLST (2011): CT vs. CXR in lung cancer screening

Neural Tube Defects

Prostate Cancer

  • ERSPC (2009): PSA for prostate cancer screening

Stroke

  • JUPITER (2008): Rosuvastatin for primary CV prevention

Tobacco Abuse

Transient Ischemic Attack

  • JUPITER (2008): Rosuvastatin for primary CV prevention

Unplanned Pregnancy

  • CHOICE (2014): Free long-acting reversible contraception in teens

Psychiatry

Acute Coronary Syndrome

  • SADHART (2002): Sertraline for depression post-ACS

Alcohol Withdrawal

Alzheimer Disease

  • CATIE-AD (2006): Antipsychotics in dementia with psychosis

Critical Illness

  • MIND-USA (2018): Antipsychotics in ICU delirium

Delirium

  • MIND-USA (2018): Antipsychotics in ICU delirium

Dementia

  • CATIE-AD (2006): Antipsychotics in dementia with psychosis

Depression

  • Can-SAD (2006): Light therapy vs. SSRI for SAD
  • SADHART (2002): Sertraline for depression post-ACS
  • STAR-D (2006): Tiered approach for depression

Psychosis

  • CATIE-AD (2006): Antipsychotics in dementia with psychosis

Schizophrenia

  • CATIE (2005): Antipsychotics in schizophrenia

Seasonal Affective Disorder

  • Can-SAD (2006): Light therapy vs. SSRI for SAD

Pulmonology

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  • OSCILLATE (2013): High-frequency oscillatory vent in early ARDS

Asthma

  • AMAZES (2017): Azithromycin in chronic asthma
  • BASALT (2012): Symptom-based asthma therapy
  • EXTRA (2011): Omalizumab in severe allergic asthma
  • SMART (2006): Salmeterol in asthma
  • TALC (2010): Tiotropium vs. others in asthma

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

  • FLAME (COPD) (2016): LABA+LAMA vs. LABA+ICS in COPD
  • NETT (2003): Lung volume reduction in COPD
  • NOTT (1980): Continuous vs. nocturnal oxygen in COPD
  • REDUCE (2013): 5d vs. 14d steroids in acute COPD
  • TORCH (2007): Salmeterol/fluticasone in COPD
  • UPLIFT (2008): Tiotropium in COPD
  • WISDOM (2014): ICS withdrawal in COPD

Critical Illness

Deep Vein Thrombosis

  • AMPLIFY (2013): Apixaban vs. warfarin in VTE
  • PREPIC (1998): IVC filters for proximal DVT
  • RE-COVER (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in VTE

Emphysema

  • FLAME (COPD) (2016): LABA+LAMA vs. LABA+ICS in COPD
  • NETT (2003): Lung volume reduction in COPD

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Lung Cancer

Pneumonia

  • 3C (2017): Antibiotic strategies in lower respiratory tract infections
  • PneumA (2003): 8 vs. 15 days of antibiotics in VAP

Pulmonary Embolism

  • AMPLIFY (2013): Apixaban vs. warfarin in VTE
  • EINSTEIN-PE (2012): Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in PE
  • MOPETT (2013): Low-dose tPA for submassive PE
  • PEITHO (2014): tPA for submassive PE
  • PIOPED II (2006): Accuracy of CT for PE
  • PREPIC (1998): IVC filters for proximal DVT
  • RE-COVER (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in VTE

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Respiratory Failure

Sepsis

Shock

Tobacco Abuse

Venous Thromboembolism

  • AMPLIFY (2013): Apixaban vs. warfarin in VTE
  • EINSTEIN-PE (2012): Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in PE
  • MOPETT (2013): Low-dose tPA for submassive PE
  • PEITHO (2014): tPA for submassive PE
  • PIOPED II (2006): Accuracy of CT for PE
  • PREPIC (1998): IVC filters for proximal DVT
  • PREPIC 2 (2015): IVC filters for high-risk PE
  • RE-COVER (2009): Dabigatran vs. warfarin in VTE

Radiation Oncology

Lung Cancer

Radiology

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

  • MASS (2009): US screening for AAA in men

Spinal Stenosis

  • LESS (2014): Epidural steroids in spinal stenosis

Rheumatology

Antiphospholipid Syndrome

  • TRAPS (2018): Rivaroxaban in high-risk APLS

Coronary Artery Disease

  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis

Lupus

  • ALMS (2009): MMF vs. CTX in lupus nephritis

Lupus Nephritis

  • ALMS (2009): MMF vs. CTX in lupus nephritis

Osteoarthritis

  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • BeSt (2005): DMARD ± prednisone or infliximab in RA
  • CAMERA (2007): Methotrexate strategies in RA
  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis

Stroke

  • PRECISION (2016): Celecoxib, naproxen, or ibuprofen for CV safety in arthritis

Vasculitis

  • CYCLOPS (2009): Pulse cyclophosphamide for ANCA vasculitis
  • RAVE (2010): Rituximab vs. cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated vasculitis

Surgery

Anemia

  • FOCUS (2011): Transfusion thresholds after hip surgery
  • TRICS III (2017): Transfusion thresholds for cardiac surgery

Appendicitis

  • APPAC (2015): Antibiotics vs. surgery for acute appendicitis

Breast Cancer

Cardiac Risk Assessment

Carotid Stenosis

  • CREST (2010): Stenting vs. CEA in carotid stenosis
  • ECST (1998): CEA in symptomatic carotid stenosis
  • NASCET (1998): CEA in symptomatic carotid stenosis

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

  • NETT (2003): Lung volume reduction in COPD

Coronary Artery Disease

  • POISE (2008): Perioperative metoprolol
  • SYNTAX (2009): PCI vs. CABG in severe CAD

Diabetes Mellitus

  • STAMPEDE (2012): Gastric bypass vs. medical therapy for T2DM

Emphysema

  • NETT (2003): Lung volume reduction in COPD

Endocarditis

  • EASE (2012): Early surgery in endocarditis

Hip Fracture

  • FOCUS (2011): Transfusion thresholds after hip surgery

Intracranial Hypertension

  • RESCUEicp (2016): Craniectomy vs. medical care for intracranial hypertension

Meniscal Tear

  • METEOR (2013): Surgery vs. PT in OA with meniscal tear

Obesity

  • STAMPEDE (2012): Gastric bypass vs. medical therapy for T2DM

Osteoarthritis

  • METEOR (2013): Surgery vs. PT in OA with meniscal tear
  • Moseley Trial (2002): Arthroscopy in knee OA

Pancreatitis

  • PANTER (2010): Step-up approach to pancreatitis

Renal Cell Carcinoma

  • SWOG 8949 (2001): Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic RCC

Stroke

  • CREST (2010): Stenting vs. CEA in carotid stenosis
  • ECST (1998): CEA in symptomatic carotid stenosis
  • NASCET (1998): CEA in symptomatic carotid stenosis

Transient Ischemic Attack

  • CREST (2010): Stenting vs. CEA in carotid stenosis

Trauma

  • CRASH-2 (2010): Tranexamic acid in trauma

Traumatic Brain Injury

  • RESCUEicp (2016): Craniectomy vs. medical care for intracranial hypertension

Transfusion Medicine

Anemia

  • TRICC (1999): Transfusion thresholds in ICU
  • TRISS (2014): Transfusion thresholds in sepsis

Sepsis

  • TRISS (2014): Transfusion thresholds in sepsis

Shock

  • TRISS (2014): Transfusion thresholds in sepsis

Trauma

  • CRASH-2 (2010): Tranexamic acid in trauma

Urology

Prostate Cancer

  • ERSPC (2009): PSA for prostate cancer screening
  • PCPT (2003): Finasteride for prostate cancer prophylaxis

Renal Cell Carcinoma

  • SWOG 8949 (2001): Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic RCC

Urinary Tract Infections

  • S-HYDRACYST (2018): Increasing water intake to prevent UTIs in premenopausal women